سلوك التشتت الخلفي لجسيمات بيتا كدالة لخصائص المادة: تأثير العدد الذري وسُمك المادة

Abstract

The aim of the research is to measure the relationship between the backscatter of beta particles and the atomic number and thickness of the scattering material. To accomplish this, we experimented with different materials in kind and thickness including aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) and thickness of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. Beta particles when interacting with the surface of a substance are scattered at a wide angle. When the angle of scattering is 180 degrees, it is known as backscattering. The measured backscattering coefficient according to the findings is positively correlated with the atomic number of the target material, and increases with the atomic number of the target material and the atomic number of the material, and with the thickness of the material. The increase was not however linear. Rather, the coefficient rose sharply with the increase of the thickness to a saturation level at which the backscatter was not strongly influenced by the increasing thickness anymore. This was realized in the samples of the aluminum of varying thicknesses whereby the value of the backscattering coefficient increased with the thickness of the material approaching to the saturation value of the material. This is saturated in the saturation thickness which is approximately 2. 0 cm thick (5. 4 g/cm ²).

This nonlinear increase is necessary in the study of the use of different materials in radiation physics. As an example, the atomic number of lead is greater; hence it backscatters much more than aluminum and other materials with a lower atomic number. Also, the findings of the study show that there is an optimal thickness of each substance and beyond that thickness there is no substantial increase in backscatter