Printing ISSN
الساتل للعلوم الإنسانية: 2518-539X
الساتل للعلوم التطبيقية: 2518-5969
Online ISSN
الساتل للعلوم الإنسانية: 2518-5403
الساتل للعلوم التطبيقية: 2518-5977

Differential rotation of sunspot groups as A function of their area
Date Published: 2024-11-21 <> Date Received: 2024-10-21
بشير خليفة أبوزيد (Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Libya)

Abstract... The rotation velocity of sunspot groups of two different area classes (small groups having an area A < 100-millionths of the solar hemisphere (msh) and large groups having an area A > 100 msh) were investigated using data from the Greenwich Photoheliographic Results (GPR) 1964 until 1976, that cover the solar cycle no. 20. It was found that the rotation velocity of the sunspot groups of both classes divide the rotation profile into two parts, the north hemisphere in which the small groups (A < 100 msh) move up to about 1.8 % more rapidly than the large groups (A > 100 msh) and the south hemisphere in which the small groups move down to about 2.5% less rapidly than the large groups at about –30 deg. At the equator the rotation rate of the small groups is about 1.4 % faster than the large groups.


Keywords : Sunspot groups, Solar Differential Rotation, Area of Sunspots, Solar Cycle, and Sun

Phenotypic and Genotypic detection of Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among patients with UTI in Misurata, Libya
Date Published: 2024-12-22 <> Date Received: 2024-10-05
Mustafa M. Drah (كلية العلوم الصحية - جامعة مصراتة)
Fatma M.B. Saleman (كلية التقنية الطبيّة - جامعة الجفرة - هون )
Mohamed A. Shallouf (كلية التقنية الطبيّة – مصراتة)
Eltaher A. Elshagmani (كلية التقنية الطبيّة – مصراتة)
Mohamed S. Eshlak (كلية التقنية الطبيّة – مصراتة)
Esra S. Alsosi (كلية العلوم- جامعة مصراته )
Fatma A. Alsharif (كلية العلوم- جامعة مصراته )
Aisha A. Elashaikh (كلية العلوم- جامعة مصراته )

Abstract... Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacteriaceae is a significant worldwide health emergency. In the last decades, many of Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae have developed a new resistance mechanism to extended-spectrum cephalosporins caused by Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), especially in the developing world. There are few reports in Libya. Aim: The aim of study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E.coli and K. pneumoniae that produce ESBL gene isolated from urine samples in Misurata, Libya. Methods: Bacteria were isolated from 32 urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) who attended Misurata Central laboratory from 01/2020 to 09/2020. Bacterial identification and biochemical tests were done. MDDST was performed to detect ESBL producers. DNA was extracted and screened for the existence of blah-CTX-M using PCR. Results: Out of 32 urine samples tested, (53.12 %) were E.coli, and K. pneumonia, (46.87%). The (40.6%) isolates were resistant to at least two cephalosporins and (12.5%) were resistant to the monobactam (aztreonam). ESBL PCR revealed the presence of ESBL gene (bla-CTX-M) in (53.8%) of samples, and (bla-CTX-M) positive sample had resistance to cefotaxime.
Conclusion: This study suggested and supported the important measure of the gene bla-CTX giving a very high possibility for antibiotic resistance factors.


Keywords : Antibiotic resistance, E.coli, ESBL gene, PCR, Libya.

Prehypertension and Hypertension among Undergraduate Medical students of Misurata University, Libya: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Date Published: 2025-01-20 <> Date Received: 2024-12-14
Hussien A. Elaswdi (كلية الطب البشري - جامعة مصراتة)
Adil S. Abdulmalik (قسم الباطنة - مركز مصراتة الطبي)
Ahmed A. Zubia (كلية الطب البشري - جامعة مصراتة)
Suliman M. Maitieg (كلية الطب البشري - جامعة مصراتة)
Mona H. Elaswdi (كلية الطب البشري - جامعة مصراتة)

Abstract... Background/Objectives: Hypertension is one of the biggest health challenges, which is continuously increasing among young adults, especially students. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among undergraduate medical students at Misurata University and to identify the associated risk factors.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted during the year 2024 on medical students attending faculty of Medicine, Misurata University, Libya. We collected data on sociodemographic information and risk factors using a self-administered questionnaire derived from the WHO STEPS instrument, and we measured the blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) of the participants. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0.
Results: A total of 333 participants, with a mean age of 22.2±2.1 years, the prevalence rate of hypertension in this study was 12.3%, of them 16.8% and 9.7% were males and females respectively. Prehypertension was 12.5% of the total sample. Risk factors highly associated with hypertension (P=0.0001) were male gender, smoking habits, increased BMI, sleep hours less than 6 hours, too frequent intake of soft drinks and coffee. Conclusion: prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension together (25.8%) represent a call for the establishment of screening system for early detection at primary health care level.


Keywords : Prevalence, Hypertension, Pre-hypertension, Medical students, Risk factors.

The reality of entrepreneurial factors in medium-sized enterprises and their role in achieving institutional excellence (A case study on employees of Kavalai Company – Misurata)
Date Published: 2024-12-10 <> Date Received: 2024-09-11
Hajar A. Al-Sharif (كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم والسياسية - جامعة مصراتة)
Youssef M. Endara (كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم والسياسية - جامعة مصراتة)
y.endara@eps.misuratau.edu.ly

Abstract... The aim of this research is to study the reality of entrepreneurial factors in medium-sized enterprises and their role in achieving institutional excellence, a case study on employees of Cavalai Company - Misurata. The research community was represented by all (23) employees of Cavalli Company in the city of Misurata, using a comprehensive survey method. The results of the research showed that there is a role for entrepreneurial factors in achieving institutional excellence. The results of the research also concluded that there is no role for structural flexibility and initiative. In achieving institutional excellence. The research results also showed the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) of (.891), which indicates that entrepreneurial factors explain (89.1%) of the change that occurs in institutional excellence.
In light of the results of the research, a set of recommendations were proposed that target the company’s interest in constantly striving to achieve a good competitive position, in addition to working to increase the empowerment of employees in their work and encourage working in a team spirit and collective work.


Keywords : Entrepreneurial factors, institutional excellence, Kevalay, Misurata Company, medium enterprises, entrepreneurship.

The Impact of Time Pressures on External Auditor Performance (A Field Study on Auditors in Offices Operating in Misurata City)
Date Published: 2024-12-25 <> Date Received: 2024-09-09
Salem M. Al-Salihi (كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية – جامعة مصراتة)
Taher A. Rajab (كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية – جامعة مصراتة)

Abstract... The study aimed to know the effect of time pressure on the performance of the external auditor. To achieve the goal, the quantitative approach was used according to the preparation of a questionnaire describing the effect. The study was applied to auditors working in audit offices in the city of Misurata, where a sample of these offices was taken, numbering 32. The study used the necessary analyses to test the study hypothesis, including descriptive statistical analyses to describe the characteristics of the sample, as well as the validity and reliability of the questionnaire according to the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the result of which was acceptable, in addition to the normal distribution, which showed that the data do not follow the normal distribution. Therefore, the sign test was used as appropriate to test the main hypothesis. The study concluded that time pressure negatively affects the performance of external auditors working in audit offices in the city of Misurata. It also concluded that time pressure leads to the provision of unorganized shortcuts in audit procedures and pressure to complete work in less than the specified hours, as well as the auditor's quick review of documents without paying much attention to their validity and accuracy, and excluding some items during the examination of the sample and replacing them with others. Therefore, the pressure of time balance on audit offices resulted in early suspension or Incomplete review process is considered a method and behavior of disorganized review behavior, and thus affects the quality of service provided to the client and results in several problems as a result of this behavior.


Keywords : Time, job performance, external auditor, time management, review quality.

The Quality and Effectiveness of the Swift System in Developing and Activating the Banking Operations of Libyan Banks (Applied Study on Commercial Banks Operating in the City of Misurata)
Date Published: 2024-12-30 <> Date Received: 2024-10-31
Walid A. Abushaala (كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية– جامعة مصراتة)

Abstract... The study aimed to identify the quality and effectiveness of the SWIFT system in developing and activating the banking operations of Libyan commercial banks operating in Misurata as one of the advanced global systems that keep pace with progress and modern technology, which has become necessary as a result of openness and economic transformations. The study objectives were achieved and its hypotheses were tested by analyzing the field data collected by surveying the opinions of employees dealing with the SWIFT system in the departments of (bank transfers, documentary credits and letters of guarantee) in the branches of Libyan commercial banks located within the scope of Misurata. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach on society based on sample statistics. The results were consistent with the study literature, and support the main hypothesis of the study and the sub-hypotheses, which were formulated in the form of proof as follows (There is a positive contribution and an effective role for the SWIFT system in developing and activating Banking operations of Libyan commercial banks operating in the city of Misurata). The study concluded with a set of results, the most prominent of which is that the SWIFT system is an effective and high-quality system in developing and activating the banking operations of Libyan commercial banks operating in the city of Misurata, as it became clear that the system has a positive contribution and an effective role in overcoming all of the difficulties and problems suffered by previous traditional communication systems (mail, telex, fax and telegram), and in overcoming many of the problems suffered by commercial banks operating in the city of Misurata in the field of financial exchanges, and in keeping pace with developments in the field of electronic payment technology for banking operations.


Keywords : Quality, Efficiency, SWIFT System, Banking Operations, Commercial banks.

Internal Marketing and Its Impact on the Performance of Islamic Banks (A Practical Study on the Libyan Islamic Bank in Misurata City)
Date Published: 2025-02-08 <> Date Received: 2024-12-08
Jamal M. Dhana (كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية – جامعة مصراتة)

Abstract... This study aimed to identify the application of internal marketing elements and its impact on the performance of Islamic banks. The reason for choosing the study topic was to note the lack of interest in human resources in Libyan banking institutions, which may result in a decrease in the performance of employees, which is reflected in the quality of banking services provided by these banks. The study included two variables: internal marketing as an independent variable with its dimensions: (training, empowerment, motivation, work teams, selection, internal communication, and employee performance), while the dependent variable is the performance of Islamic banks. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher relied on the use of the descriptive analytical method; To suit the nature of the study, the necessary data was obtained through questionnaires prepared for this purpose. The study sample was selected from employees of three branches of the Libyan Islamic Bank in the city of Misurata, which included (60) questionnaires for employees, and the number of valid questionnaires for analysis was (53). The data was transcribed and the results were analyzed using the statistical program (Statistical Package for Social Science) SPSS. The study reached several results and recommendations, the most prominent of which were: The performance survey of employees in the Libyan Islamic Bank showed an acceptable average performance, as the general average was 3.60, which reflects the efficiency of employees while allowing for improvement. Training is also considered an essential element in improving employee performance, as a strong positive impact was recorded with a coefficient of 0.62 and determining 60.1%. The results of the study also showed that empowering employees greatly enhances their performance, with a coefficient of 0.78 and 67.0% for specification.


Keywords : Training, Empowerment, Motivation, Work Teams, Selection, Internal Communication, Employee Performance.

Study of some physical properties of unsaturated poly esters containing 1, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzilidene) cyclobutanone Moiety
Date Published: 2025-01-13 <> Date Received: 2024-10-27
Amna A. Baayo (كلية العلوم -جامعة مصراتة)
Zaineb I. Lusta (كلية التربية -جامعة مصراتة)
Khadija M. Ghalieo (كلية الصيدلة -جامعة مصراتة)

Abstract... This study focuses on the synthesis and investigation of certain physical properties of unsaturated polyesters incorporating a dibenzylidene cyclobutanone derivative within the repeating units of the polymer's main chain. The research is structured into three primary sections:
Section One: This section details the synthesis of the monomeric unit,specifically the dibenzylidene derivative.
Section Two: The study involves the preparation of novel unsaturated polyester chains through the application of interfacial polycondensation techniques.
Section Three: This section explores various physical properties of the synthesized polyesters. Solubility tests revealed that these polyesters are largely insoluble or only partially soluble in most of the solvents employed. Furthermore, based on the results from electrical conductivity measurements, compounds 2-4 have been classified as semiconductors.


Keywords : dibenzylidene, spectroscopic analyses, interfacial polycondensation, physical characteristics.