Abstract... This study examines the phenomenon of repetition in the works of Zakaria Tamer, a renowned Syrian writer known for his mastery of short story writing and innovative techniques. The aim is to analyze the artistic and stylistic aspects of repetition, explore its expressive and semantic significance, and uncover the aesthetic value it adds to Tamer's stories.
The researcher employs a stylistic approach, which is a prominent modern linguistic method that focuses on language as the foundation for analysis. It investigates the linguistic devices with semantic dimensions utilized by the author during the creative process, enhancing the expressive qualities of the discourse.
The study reached results, the most important of which were: repetition in Zakaria Tamer's texts does not stem from limitations or an inability to find alternative modes of expression. Rather, it is a deliberate writing strategy employed to emphasize his message, persuade the reader, and evoke a poetic sensibility. Additionally, repetition plays a role in creating a distinct musical rhythm within the texts.
Abstract... Discourse analysis constitutes a basis on which this study is based. It is an approach that contributes to revealing the structural structure and pragmatic intent of the texts. It has become widespread in the modern critical field, whether in Arab or Western critical thought, as many critical thinkers relied on it in their critical treatment of texts. And statements of different kinds, whether literary, political, or informational. The researcher took Mahmoud Darwish's poem (passing by in passing words) as an applied model, in revealing the mechanisms of discourse analysis, and its impact on dealing with the poetic vocabulary, its structures and sounds, and the psychological dimensions of the discourse product. And to identify the intertwined relationships woven by the tools of discourse analysis between the parties to the verbal event in the process of speech production.
The research progressed in two aspects, one theoretical, and the other applied, while the theoretical dealt with the terminology of the study and the definition of the most prominent levels of discourse analysis, and its mechanisms between poetic discourse and political discourse, and the context of the situation. The applied side, dealing with the overall grand structure of the poem, and the phonetic analysis of the poetic discourse in it.
Abstract... La fonction adverbiale et sa particularité à être variable dans le contexte des grammairiens arabes situe l’objet de notre problématique relative à ce que l’on a appelle adverbe de manière et conjonction ou ḥāl wa ‘aṭaf. Dans sa fonction syntaxique courante, le ḥāl décrit les actants actif et passif du discours. Ainsi, le ḥāl se rapporte, dans le discours, soit à l’actant actif soit à l’actant passif. En règle générale, le même mot exprimant le ḥāl ne peut pas décrire à la fois l’actant actif et l’actant passif. Pourtant, deux facteurs essentiels ambiguïté et duel, vont nous mener à une forme de conjonction entre les actants actif et passif dans un même mot les décrivant dans le discours. Par exemple, lorsqu’on dit: ḍarabahu qāhiman, il y a ambiguïté à savoir lequel parmi les actants actif et passif est debout. Mais si on dit: ḍarabahu qāhimayn, le duel empêche l’ambiguïté. Nous avons ainsi une conjonction de deux actants avec qāhimayn qui décrit la disposition de l’actif et du passif dans le discours. Les règles syntaxiques s’appliquent dans leur espace «le discours» en donnant parfois des résultats assez surprenants telle qu’une conjonction rassemblant deux éléments opposés.
Abstract... The aim of this study is to choose the relationship between family decision-making and the participation of spouses in the city of Hon in the pattern of consumption related to and organizing the family budget with regard to [foodstuffs, meat, vegetables, fruits, bread, pastries and sweets]. In addition to making the family decision related to clothing and shoes, the most important independent variables for the study are age, the husband’s profession, the wife’s profession, and monthly income. The sample consisted of (110) husbands and wives, who are chosen for the study using a simple random sampling method. The data is collected using a- questionnaire consisting of questions directed to the spouses. Statistical methods is used for this data, represented in descriptive statistics by calculating the arithmetic mean and percentages for the variables of the study.
One of the most important results reached by the study that the most Libyan families in the city of Huon make the decision to buy food items, meat, vegetables, bread and pastries is (the husband).
As for clothes, both husband and wife make the decision together. The test is to investigate whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the person who makes the family decision related to the family consumption pattern and each of: the father’s age, the father’s occupation, the mother’s occupation, and the income of the spouses) and then using the “Chi-square” where the results are revealed to the following:
Abstract... La présente recherche attache une grande importance à la compréhension de l'écrit, considérée comme un moyen efficace pour apprendre à lire, proposer des stratégies et des procédures afin d'améliorer et développer des compétences et identifier les difficultés auxquelles l'apprenant est confronté dans la compréhension de ce qui est lu et comment les surmonter pour améliorer et développer ses compétences dans ce domaine. La compréhension de l'écrit représente une compétence linguistique fondamentale dans la mesure où , elle permet à l'apprenant nom seulement de décoder les messages de l'écrit et d'accéder au sens mais aussi de la compréhension de l'écrit est tout un processus et un mécanisme qui se traduit par des stratégies cognitives par les apprenants et les méthodes pédagogiques appliquées par les enseignants. notre recherche met l'accent sur les différentes difficultés qui peuvent être un ou plusieurs obstacles à la compréhension de l'écrit chez les apprenants de la langue étrangère.
Abstract... The study found a set of conclusions that came out as a result of the integration between the theoretical aspects of the study, which relied on studies and writings directly or indirectly related to the subject of the study, and the practical aspect that was applied to (65) students, as the study aimed to identify the relationship between school control methods in educational institutions and positive social behavior among a sample of students at Al-Bahlol Secondary School in Misurata city. This study relied on the social survey method using the sample, and the questionnaire tool was used as the main tool for collecting data. It was possible to reach a set of results directly related to the subject of the study:
1- The existence of a statistically significant relationship between the dictatorial style and positive social behavior.
2- The existence of a statistically significant relationship between the chaotic style and positive social behavior.
3- The existence of a statistically significant relationship between the democratic style and positive social behavior.