Printing ISSN2708-857X
Online ISSN 2708-8588
Online ISSN 2708-8588
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.01
Abstract... This experiment was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory a part of bio technology research center (BTRC) , while the main aim for this experiment was to investigate the effects of using plant growth regulators on potato micro tuber formation for Sponta potato variety throw plant tissue culture method , In the beginning micro propagation operations were done to the target potato variety in order to obtain enough number of plants samples in free contamination MS media , while different concentrations of BA and Kin plant growth regulators ( 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 mg/l ) were used in this experiment , the plant growth regulators BA ,Kin were added to MS media contain 60g/l sucrose during micro tuber formation stage . the results of this study showed that the treatment of (5mg/l Kin ) obtained the best results and this treatment gave the highest tuber production compared with other treatments , furthermore this treatment ( 5mg/l Kin) gave the highest number of produced potato tuber and the highest weight of produced tuber compared with other used treatments , while the average number of produced micro tubers arrived to 4.9 tuber for each plant and the average weight for obtained potato tuber arrived to 0.84 g which was higher than other weight of micro tuber produced from the other treatments .
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.02
Abstract... This study was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory which belong to bio technology research center in order to test the effect of raid and blue spectral light colors and white lighting as a control and white fluorescent lamps as a second control on plant growth stages while two potato variety ( Spunta , Agria) were used in this experiment . potato plant samples were collected and cultured in special jars contain MS media after being sterilized by Clorox solution in order to avoid the any contamination risk , while the culture stage of the explant started in sterilized condition in sited the hood cabinet , wherever the culture stage completed the cultured plants were placed in the growth room under controlled condition with raid , blue and normal light condition.
The obtained results showed that the wait normal color treatment was significantly higher than the other two treatments in plant length factor for the tow used potato variety , while for the number of leaves factor the results showed that the normal light color treatment was significantly higher than the other two treatments in plant number of leaves factor followed by raid color treatment in the two used variety Spunta and Agria while the Raid color treatment scored average of leaves (23.9 , 23.3 ) leaf respectively.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.03
Abstract... This study was conducted at the plant tissue plant of the Biotechnology Research Center for the purpose of determining the effect ofadding different concentrations of Nacl on the growth and development of the citrus rootstocks (Narang and Cleopramtradrin). Citrus seeds were cultured on MS media supplemented with different concentrations ofNaCL100,80,60,40,20,0 mM. The result showed that citrus rootstocks growth negatively infected by salinity while plant length and number of laves decreased by increasing of salinityfor booth rootstocks .plant length and number of leaves were significantly higher in treatment 0 and 20 mMNaCL compared with other treatments, also the results showed that the plants continued to grow well until 60 mM concentration..
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.04
Abstract... This study was conducted in plant tissue culture In Biotechnology which belong to biotechnology research center (Tripoli – for Micropropagation of in order to study the response of Zingiber plant to In vitro micro propagation through plant tissue culture technology , while the study was beginning by Samples were collected , the samples from the local market and directly were put in dark For sprouting
in order to obtain plant tissue which will be used for plant micro propagation. Sprouted buds growth were obtained the plant tissue were sterilized by use 2.5% Clorox and 70% ethanol in hood cabinet with sterilized conditions , then sterilized plant tissue were cultured in small gars contain Murashige and Skoog MS medim as control treatment and MS media supplemented with different concentrations of BA and NAA plant growth regulators while the treatments were ( 2 , 4mg/l BA ) and ( 2 mg/l BA +
0.5mg/l NAA) . Results of this study showed present a good response of Zingiber plant to micro propagation by tissue culture technology in all the treatments event control treatment moreover the results showed that the treatment of 2 mg/l BA gave the highest average of obtained number of brunches and root system growth , finally the obtained plants from the experiments were moved to adaptation stage by placed the plants in small puts contain peat moss fertilizer .
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.05
Abstract... The experiment was carried out in agricultural land in Sorman between 4 - 2017 to 7 - 2017, in the design of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to study the response of vegetative traits and chemical properties in the tomato plant of Tariz for organic fertilization, by 6 treatments and 3 replicates, For SPSS statistical analysis at a significant level of LSD 0.05).
The experiment included four types of semi-decomposed organic fertilizer (sheep manure, cattle manure, camel manure, horse manure) in 6 treatments, in addition to the control treatment, which included four treatments for each type of organic fertilizer as: fertilizer: soil by ratio (1: 3) that is 5Kg of fertilizer : 15 kg of soil, mixed treatment of fertilizer : soil (1: 1) (10 kg of fertilizer: 10 kg of soil), and double treatment (3: 1) (15 kg of fertilizer: 5 kg soil). The seedlings were planted in experimental units of 7.20 m2. The seedlings were treated in biological control using the garlic extract for insect protection after 15 days of planting, as well as the addition of simple proportions of hay as a cover to reduce the growth of herbs.
The experiment showed that the treatment of cattle manure significantly increased most of the studied morphological traits (length of root, plant length, number of flowers, number of leafy branches), as well as significant increase in fresh and dry weight of leaves and average weight of five fruits.. There were significant differences in the content of the N, P in leaves and NPK elements in the fruits, while there was a significant increase in vitamin C content in fruits for all treatments.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.06
Abstract... The aim of this study was to examine the chemical composition and correlation between two types of date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in the north (Al-Bakrari) and south (Tafsert) of Libya. The chemical composition of two local date seeds was measured biochemical parameters on commonly used. Results showed that protein and lipid contents (Based on dry matter) ranged between 3.25 and 3.50 g/100 g ` and between 4.81 and 6.64 g/100 g, respectively. Carbohydrates content was about 80.74 and 82.48 g/100g for both samples. The ash content was ranged (1.85 - 2.30 g/100 g dry matter, while the moisture content did not exceed 7.6 % in any trial samples. The statistical analysis showed that lipid content had a significant positive correlation with moisture, (R2 = 0.751; p = 0.05). Further analysis indicated that both moisture and lipid had a highly significant negative correlation with ash (R2 = - 0.902 and - 0.901; p = 0.05) respectively, while ash having a highly significant positive correlation with carbohydrate (R2 = 0.967; p = 0.05). Based on the outcome of the study, it appears that the chemical composition of date seeds, it is recommended to use these residues in animals feed to obtain the highest productivity economically and utilization of the wasted resources on the other hand.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.07
Abstract... This study was carried out on a group of eight European grape varieties Vitis vinifera L. planted under rain fed irrigation in Tarhuna region during 2017 season. The aim was to evaluate some natural characters of the fresh fruits. These varieties are: (Moscat Elscandaria, Crimson, Victoria, Zorazi, Yellow Farina, Boaboud or Black Aboud, Local Black and Local White). Results showed highly significant differences amongst the varieties in all the studied traits.
Farina variety produced heavier clusters and higher number of seeds per fruit (550 gm and 2 seed/fruit) respectively. On the other hand, results indicated that Victoria variety produced relativity higher weight and size of fruits (283.8 gm and 270.3 ml/50 fruits) respectively. the trait of the percentage of total soluble sold was significantly higher in Black Local variety (22.6%). Correlation analysis showed a statistically positive relationship between the weight and size of the fruit (0.99), and between the number of seeds per fruit and the percentage of total soluble sold (0.375). In general, results of this study showed a statistically significant variation amongst the varieties in their natural traits. .and the majority of the varieties compensated the lack in one trait with the strength in other traits. In conclusion, results of this study indicated that Victoria variety is the best option when grape varieties are planted for fresh consumption purpose, besides, Local Black variety is preferred for grape juice production.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.08
Abstract... The research was carried out by the Department of Horticulture - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Omar Al-Mukhtar - White during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 planting seasons. To study the effect of four planting distances (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 cm) on the behavior of two varieties of garlic (Egyptian ”municipal”, Chinese). The design of full randomized splitters was used once in three replicates. The mean of the treatments was measured according to the Duncan test at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the gradual increase of the planting distance (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 cm) resulted in a gradual and significant increase in the average length of the leaves, the average number of leaves, the paper area and the dry weight of the leaves in both cultivars. The best results for the leaf content of nitrogen and phosphorus at planting distance were 12.5 cm, while potassium was at a distance of 5 cm. The content of the leaves of chlorophyll (A, B) in both cultivars increased by increasing the distance of cultivation with the superiority of the Chinese class on the Egyptian. The results showed that increasing the planting distance to 12.5 cm increased the average weight of the bulb, the exportable yield and the exportable yield of the total crop, while the total yield decreased with the increase of the planting distance. The highest percentage of nitrogen was recorded at a distance of 12.5 cm for the Egyptian variety, while the Chinese category recorded the highest percentage of phosphorus and potassium. The results showed no significant differences in mean weight of the lobes between the four planting distances of the Egyptian and Chinese varieties during the first and second seasons. The best results were achieved for total dissolved solids at a distance of 12.5 cm in the Chinese and Egyptian varieties, respectively.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.09
Abstract... The study was conducted as a comparison between the white N. Oleander L. Album Plenum (double-petals) and the pink N. Oleander L. Sealy Pink (single-petal) belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Al-Doufla (N. Oleander) is widely regarded as an ornamental plant for the beauty of its flowers as well as its medicinal value. Phenotypic parameters were studied on the characteristics of roots, stems, leaves and flowers as well as the study of the surface of these parts, and studied some chemical properties and active ingredients found in the roots, stems, leaves and flowers of the two subspecies.
The results of the morphological characteristics of the leaves and stems showed a difference in the average length of the leaves and the average diameter of the stem. The syphilis has distinct appearance characteristics, showing an indication of flower color classification. Root traits have limited taxonomic significance. Also, The qualitative chemical detection of the roots, stems, leaves and flowers extracts of white and pink N. Oleander were also shown to contain cardiac glycosides, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, Terpenes, steroids, Saponins, tannins, raisins, carbohydrates, acids. Amino acids and proteins). The results of the study confirm that flowers are of taxonomic importance in terms of the content of active substances. Flowers contain the highest concentrations of glycosides compared to leaves, root and stem, as well as to contain all the active substances studied. The phenotypic traits and the qualitative detection of active substances showed a difference between pink and white N. Oleander. The contrast ratio in the phenotypic traits was estimated at 2% while in the active substances the contrast ratio was 23%. According to the clear contrast between pink and white N. Oleander, phenotypic traits and the detection of active substances can be considered a good indicator of classification.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.10
Abstract... The Crop Simulation Model (CERES-wheat module) of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnolgy Transfer (DSSAT) was used in this study to simulate the effect of planting date (D) on growth, development and yield of three varieties of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L subsp. durum). The studied varieties were Cham1 (V1), Deir Alla6 (V2) and Haurani (V3). Data were obtained from a field experiment conducted for this purpose on the growing season 2015/2016 at Mushagger Agricultural Research Station Southwest Amman (31° 46` 24.7`` N, 35° 47` 47.3`` E, 800 m above sea level). First planting date (D1) was used for model calibration and the GenCalc software was applied to achieve acceptable genetic coefficient values. Calibration results showed an excellent estimation for days to anthesis, number of grains m-2, grain yield and days to physiological maturity with normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) ranged from 0 to 5.79%. Tops weight, harvest index, unit grain weight (except for V3) and number of tillers m-2 were poorly simulated. Validation of the CERES-Wheat model of the DSSAT using means of observed results of D2 and D3 showed excellent simulation (nRMSE < 10%) for anthesis and maturity dates for the three examined varieties. Good prediction (10 ≤ nRMSE < 20%) were attained for grain yield (for V2 and V3) and for grain nitrogen percent (except for V3 which was excellent). Fair predictions (20 ≤ nRMSE < 30%) were recorded for grain unit weight of (V1 and V2) and tops weight of V1. Conversely, grain unit weight was poorly simulated for V3. From these results, it can be concluded that the DSSAT model can be considered as an effective tool for predicting wheat growth and yield.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.11
Abstract... Wheat and barley are the most important agricultural crops in many countries around the world, just behind rice and maize in importance. Hence, two field experiments with design of spit plot were carried out in winter season of 2014-2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture Research Farm, Mansoura University, Egypt to investigate total uptake of N, P and K by wheat (Sakha 68) and barley (Gemeza123) under different application rates of mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as grain Protein yield of Kg fed-1. Treatments of organic were chicken manure, compost and biochar, while the studied mineral fertilizer treatments took with rates of 50,75,100 and 125 % .The results revealed that total removed (uptake) of NPK by wheat plant were 80.88, 15.79, and 123.54, respectively; while with barley plant they amounted by 61.60, 11.21, and 56.83 were assigned with the treatment of chicken manure + 125% of recommended NPK treatments. Also, the best interaction was found between chicken manure + 125% mineral treatments which gave the highest value of protein uptake which were 310.60 and 278.76 kg fed-1 compared with other interactions of wheat and barley crops. It can conclude that Chicken manure + 125% mineral treatments were the superior in most amendments and gave the highest values of total NPK uptake and protein yield which in turn lead to improve crop productivity as well as sustain soil health and fertility.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.12
Abstract... Soil temperature is one of the important variables in agricultural studies, which is necessary to be measured and analyze. There are some major challenges facing a lot of agricultural studies focus on soil temperature in Libya, such as, the soil temperature is measured only at Agro meteorological stations in the country, the lack of stations, the measurement of soil temperature is a cumbersome business and not as simple as air temperature be noted by single thermometer, Separate thermometers are required to measure the temperature of the soil at different depths, the installation of thermometer sensor correctly in the soil is another very complicated technical matter. However, in Libya there are no enough studies into the pattern of hourly variation in soil temperature over twenty-four hours due to the lack of such measurements at agricultural lands. So that, this attempt has been made to diagnose the behavior of soil temperature and air temperature as a case study, This work was carried out by using the daily and hourly data recorded for the temperature in the standard depths of soil (5,10,20,30,50,100 cm), and the surface air temperature at heights of (5, 10, 15, 50, 100, 150, 200 cm), Data were measured, Reported and collected every three hours interval during the period from 01 to 05 February 1999, at Zawia Agro-Meteorological Station where the location of the station was under the effect of cold wave. The data were measured on a daily basis at 0000, 0300, 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100 UTC. The correlation coefficient between the hourly soil temperature and hourly air temperature at certain depths and heights were calculated using the Pearson’s Formula, then the matrix of correlation factors have been derived, The vertical profile for the hourly variation of temperature in the layer between 100 cm under the surface of soil and 200 cm above the surface of soil have been described, Graphs and tables were done to show more explanation. The analysis of the observation shows that soil temperature variability decreases with depth, the highest temperature variability in top soil, and the lowest one is deeper than 50 cm. These results were affected due to the prevailing weather situation because at night time there is no enough solar radiation and the ambient temperature is lower than soil temperature. As a result, the soil temperature transferred heat from soil to atmosphere above. In addition, the low thermal conductivity of the soil is also one important factor that affects heat storage. These results demonstrated the importance of monitoring the soil temperature as an important element for agricultural studies. The results of the present paper could fill in some of the gap related to the soil temperature studies in Libya, and can be used for planning agronomic and plant protection practices.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.13
Abstract... Azospirillum species were collected from the rhizosphere and free soil of different plants in Al-Jabal El- Akhdar region. The isolates were identified according to biochemical activities. Isolate (H3) which showed the higher solubilization efficiency (SE) on Pikovskaya medium (PVK) containing insoluble phosphate (inorganic phosphate) Ca3(po4)2 Isolate (H3) was identified as Azospirillum lipoferum (H3), which used as an inoculum as free cell suspension or as alginate formulation. Phosphate solubilization was measured by A.lipoferum (H3) as free or alginate immobilized cells in (PVK) liquid medium and recording the pH of the medium at the same time. The results showed in the phosphorus content by immobilized bacteria in liquid (PVK) broth medium from 2nd day of incubation (2.48 µg/ ml) to 10th day (3.70 µg/ ml) and the free bacteria from 2nd day (8.81 µg/ ml) to 10th day (4.49 µg/ ml). pH of the liquid (PVK) broth medium was recorded from 2nd day to 10th day after incubation which decreased by immobilized A.lipoferum (H3) from 7.00 pH to 4.47 on the 10th day and by the free A.lipoferum (H3) to 6.00, which improved the production of organic acids from sugars which was response of decreasing the pH of the medium. This present study contribute to make agriculture more productive with less harm to the environment and for developing countries where the use of fertilizers is costly, and to encourage of using the biofertilizers ‘plant growth promoting rhizobacteria’ (PGPR) instead of the chemical fertilizers to enhance the plant growth which is the main goal to increase the food production in a healthy way.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.14
Abstract... Unconventional water regards as an important source to ensure the water requirements for many Arabic countries, particularly in Libya which is suffering scars of irrigation water for some kinds of crops. So many treatment plants have been constructed in the main cities, but the reuse of treated water is still limited due to their environmental effects, whereas the reuse of these water needs an excess of researches and tests to satisfy the standards of recycling.
The objective of this study is the seeking for aother new sources of unconventional water such as treated sewage water, grey water, and desalinated water to insure the water requirements.
The studied samples have been collected from sewage water to perform the the different tests of evaluation this water, such as physical, chemical and biological measurements to determine the nature of water after treatment process.
In the spotlight of the obtained results from laboratory tests in Tobruk treatment plant, it is clear that reveal a high efficieny of treatment from pollutants that can enable us for recycling and reuse this water for irrigation.
Consequently, we recommended to spotlight on these great quantities of these waters to exploit in different purposes that regarded as a renewable source of water.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.15
Abstract... This study was aimed to investigate the suitability of reusing of treated wastewater to irrigate wheat crop and its impact on soil properties. The study was conducted during the Agricultural season 2014-2015, at Sirte, Libya. The climate of this area characterized by dry and hot in summer, cool and rained in winter, as well as the annual rainfall in the range of 175 mm to 200 mm, so the area is considered as semi-arid area. The experiment was designed to use treated wastewater under different managements ((W1) 100% fresh water (from artificial stream), (W2) Mixed by 50% fresh water and treated wastewater, (W3) mixed by 33% fresh water and 67% treated wastewater and (W4) 100% treated wastewater). Two soil profiles were selected and described, namely Sandy (S1) and Sandy loam (S2) soils. Wheat crop was used as indicator. The chemical, physical and microbiological analyses were done for water and soil samples using standard methods. The analyses include soil texture, bulk density, moisture content, electrical conductivity, pH, anions, cations, and E coli form. Also, the wheat crop growth components were studied. The quality of used water was found within the permissible levels of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation (FAO) for irrigation water, while lead was found exceeding the sever permissible level. From the other hand treated wastewater showed significant difference at P≤0.05 in increasing the average values of wheat crop growth components, in compare with fresh water, which recorded the lowest values. The chemical properties of soils extractions showed non -significant difference at P≤0.05 under the different irrigation managements, while the chloride and lead showed significant increase in sand loamy soil and carbonate in sandy soil. On the other hand, the both soils showed the same performance in increasing wheat growth components. The treated wastewater (W4) supplied significant numbers of E coli form 100/ml to the both soils followed by (W3), while fresh water recorded less values. The study concluded that using of treated wastewater in irrigation of agricultural crops under monitoring system has economic feasibility
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.16
Abstract... The lack of data, information and studies examining the economic issues which related to crop water consumption are the main obstacles facing decision makers, legislators and farmers to optimize the use of water for agricultural purposes. This study aims to determine the optimal quantity of irrigation water for lettuce (lactuca sativa L.), which is a crop that does not have local data on its behavior of water consumption. To achieve the goals of the study, field experiment was conducted under trickle irrigation condition at the Tripoli Center of Agricultural Research during winter season of 2017.Four levels of irrigation water 130 mm, 195 mm, 260 mm and 320 mm were applied. These levels were selected based on the water requirements as calculated from Penman- Monthieth -FAO 1998 equation to represent 50, 75, 100, and 125% of total irrigation water required by lettuce crop, respectively. A second degree polynomial equation was fitted (R 2 = 0.64) for production function (yield in ton/ha versus. applied irrigation water in m3/ha). The results revealed that the increase in the quantity of irrigation water led to a higher yield of lettuce to a specific point and then the production rates decreased. According to the water price, the results of economical analysis indicated that the optimal quantity of irrigation water estimated of the lettuce which achieved the optimal productivity was found at 2506 m3 / ha. Many studies and researches on several crops must be conducted under field conditions in order to reach the optimal approach that ensures achieving high yield production through optimal use of limited water resources
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.17
Abstract... Three major performance indicators developed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI, 1998) are used in this paper to evaluate the performance of the irrigated crops in the region according to the commonly followed practices among farmers as compared with their performance under conditions of much improved irrigation management and agricultural practices. These indicators include the Standardized Gross Value Production (SGVP), the unit area production output (crop yield or its financial value per hectare) and the unit volume of irrigation water production output (crop yield or its financial value per cubic meter). The comparison between the two agricultural practices indicated that the unit area output of the common practices among farmers did not exceed 6483 Libyan Dinars / hectare, while that under the improved practices was 11605 Libyan Dinars / hectare. The unit volume of irrigation water output for the common practices was 0.63 Libyan Dinar / cubic meter, while that under the improved practices reached 1.63 Libyan Dinar / cubic meter. These results clearly show the importance of the applied performance indicators in the assessment and clarification of the economic impacts of any introduced interventions aiming at the improvement of and/or the differentiation among irrigation management practices and alternative agricultural cropping systems.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.18
Abstract... To achieve the objectives of the study, a field experiment was conducted in the area of Judaim 5 km east of the city of Zawiya - Libya at the farm of citizen Juma Al-Marhoon 2018.
The experiment was designed with the design of randomized complete block design (RCBD Factorial) of three replicates, two varieties of bean crop (Viciafaba.L) (Cyprus and Aquadulcy), and two types of irrigation water (magnetic water Mw and non-magnetic water (N Mw). Soil samples from were collected at different depths over three time periods (after one and a half months and three months after harvesting). Some chemical properties of the samples were analyzed and measured.
The results of statistical analysis of experiment data showed that the irrigation of the two varieties of bean crops (Cyprus and Aquadulcy) with magnetized water Mw compared to the non-magnetized water N Mw increased significantly in the number of plant branches and plant height. The increase was high significant in germination rate. The increase in productivity was significant in the weight of dry pods, the weight of dry seeds and the total weight of the plant and very high significant in the weight of 100 seeds (g). The other characteristics of the plant, such as vitality, weight, number of root nodes and harvesting index, were not affected by magnetic water.
The results of the statistical analysis of soil collected in the first and third stage showed no significant differences between soil irrigated with magnetic water and irrigated soil with untreated water in most of the chemical properties of the soil, except for the dissolved potassium K and pH, the differences were highly significant in the soils collected in the third stage.
The results of the statistical analysis of soil data collected in the second stage showed significant and high significant differences between soil irrigated with magnetic water and soil irrigated with untreated water in most of the chemical properties of the soil.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.19
Abstract... The expansion of agriculture to provide the necessary food is related to the availability of water, but the limited availability of irrigation requires research on techniques to reduce water losses. This paper presents an application of a prototype design of microcontroller based on an intelligent irrigation system which will allow irrigation to take place in the areas. This method can be applied to the system of drip irrigation and its impact on the quantities of water used in irrigation as its application is part of the solution to the problem of water shortage suffered by Libya in addition to reducing the amount of water wasted while irrigating crops. In this study, a network of smart irrigation system was designed for a 5-hectare farm in AL-Sawawa area, located to the east, at about 20 km from Sirte city. The farm was divided into two parts, a vegetable crops section with an area of 3ha and the other section of 2 ha for olive trees. The intelligent irrigation system senses the moisture content of the soil and the temperature of the air through the sensors and turns on or off the water pumps using the relays to carry out this procedure. The main advantage of using this irrigation system is to minimize human intervention and ensure proper irrigation. The microcontroller serves as the main unit of the entire irrigation system, Photovoltaic cells are used to provide solar energy as an energy supply for the whole system. The system is controlled by the microcontroller; it obtains data from the sensors, it compares the data as pre-programmed, and the output signals activate the relays to operate the pumps to start the irrigation process.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.20
Abstract... A field experiment was carried out through four seasons 98-2001 to study the efficiency of some Triticali lines compared with the most dominant cereal crops in the country durum , bread wheat and barley under tow main agriculture zones conditions common in production areas across all the country rainfed and irrigated in the desert areas .The results showed that the barley was out yielded the Triticali and the other cereal crops under rained conditions 1.49 ton/ha for barley and 0.91,069and 1.08 ton/ha for triticali , bread wheat and durum respectively ,but at the same time all Triticali lines over yielded the all cereal types under the irrigated conditions, the triticali means was(7.0-9.0) ton/ha compared with barley ,durum and bread wheat 6.0,6.71,6.58 ton/ha respectively.
The study recommended that the possibility of using triticali as good potential and economic yield especially under irrigated conditions as food and feed crops for their contents compared with the other cereal crops.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.21
Abstract... A field experiment was carried out at the research station at Kufra production project in Kufra, located in the south-east of Libya, between latitude 12 - 24 ° north and longitude - 17 ° - 23 ° south, With the aim of knowing the impact of three agricultural dates (Mid-October, November, December) for three varieties (Nina-Gala-Engl. V) on yield and some of its components and the sugar content under the environmental conditions of Kufra, In the implementation of the experiment, a split - plot design was implemented with three replicates, The following characteristics were studied: Root weight - root diameter (cm) - fresh weight of root / plant - fresh weight / plant - root productivity and total fresh vegetables / ha , Sugar theoretical productivity T /h in the roots .
Results showed that there was no significant difference between the cultivars for all the studied traits. The date of planting showed significant effect on all the studied traits. In general, it can be concluded that sugar beet cultivation can be successful under the environmental conditions of Kufra Mid-October.
Key Words: Sugar Beet - Varieties - Dates Cultivation - Roots Production Sugar
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.22
Abstract... Seed germination of three varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) CONDOR, SERI and T.R. evaluated under 5 drought levels (0.0 mPa (control),-0.3 mPa, -0.6 mPa, -0.9 mPa and -1.2 mPa). We used polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) to make drought stress conditions. Germinated seeds were counted daily up to 14 days under laboratory conditions.
Percentage and mean germination time, coefficients of germination, mean germination rate, and uncertainty of germination process as germination parameters. Shoots and roots length; fresh, dry weight of shoots and roots, leaves and roots number, surface area of leaves as seedling growth parameters were studied. The data was analyzed statistically using SPSS software, to identify significant difference among wheat varieties and among treatment.
Comparison between means showed that the highest value for most of germination parameters recorded for SERI variety followed by T.R., and most of seedling growth parameters were recorded for T.R. followed by SERI. The results determined that seeds of all varieties germinate well in the lowest concentration of PEG. Increase the concentration of PEG affect all germination and seedling growth parameters.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.23
Abstract... Rhizospheres of crop plants are complexes of chemical and microbial interactions. Of importance, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorgansims associated with roughly eighty-percent of terrestrial land plants. In this mutualistic symbiosis, the fungus receives photosynthetic product (sugar) fixed from its host by photosynthesis. In return, the host plant gains a plethora of benefits from the fungus such as enhanced nutrient uptakes, protection against both biotic (soil-borne root pathogens, insect attack) and abiotic (drought, heavy metal pollution, and soil salinity) stresses. Taxonomically, AMF belong to a new erected phylum called Glomeromycota. The field study was conducted in a farm owned and supervised by The Great Man-Made Project in February 2019. The present study was performed to determine the presence or the absence of AMF in a field cultivated with wheat crops (Triticum aestivum, L.) during the vegetative stage, and also to investigate soil physiochemical properties effect on AMF colonization. Results showed that colonization of wheat plant roots were significantly low. The result clearly implies that high-input fertilizers viz., phosphorus fertilization, and agricultural practices such as intensive tillage drastically reduced AMF colonization.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.24
Abstract... A field experiment was conducted in a private farm with silty clay soil at Suluq region, during the 2017/2018 agricultural season, to study the growth and productivity of ten genotypes of the soft wheat crop under Suluq conditions. This study was carried out with the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The cultivars (Acsad 901, Express, Khuraisi, Sabha, Bushey, Abu Al-Joud, Sidi Al-Masry, Jarmah, Salambo and Research 208) were randomly distributed in experimental area of 6 m2 . The results showed the superiority of the cultivars Express, Acsad 901, Jarmah as cereal yield by 5.34, 5.24, 5.07 tons /ha grain compared to the rest of the cultivars, while the cultivar Acsad 901 exceeded the others in term of seed index by 40 grams and Bushy cultivar surpassed all the tested cultivars in its height by 90.8 cm.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.25
Abstract... Pisum sativum. L is one of the most important legumes and vegetables. It is an essential source of energy and highly rich in protein. Peas are affected by many plant diseases, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which affects many vegetable and field crops plants causing significant losses in agricultural production. S. sclerotiorum was isolated from infected pea pods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. the percentage of seed germination was investigated for both local and Italian varities, also the effect of fungus on seeds and bodes was evaluated. Results of this study showed that the percentage of seed germination in the local varity was 98%, while in the Italian varity 90%. The ability of pathogenicity was high on seeds and bods of the local variety. and also the effect of S. sclerotiorum suspension when using perlite showed that the fungus hed a high effecte on the plant growth and seed germination comparied with sclerotia treatment on local variety only, while the effect of fungal suspension decreased seed and plant germination on petmous comparied with sclerotia treatment.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.26
Abstract... The tomato crop is Lycopersico esculentum L. of the Solanaceae family. The considered world`s first among the vegetable crops in terms of cultivated area annually. It is the third most important agricultural products after wheat and barley and the second most important vegetable crops after potatoes in Libya. The study aimed to isolate and identify the cause of tomato wilt disease its under greenhouse conditions. Four Fusarium oxysporum isolates were obtained from tomato roots and surrounding area growing under protected agricultural conditions at Janzour and Ein Zara in Tripoli- libay. The fungus were more frequent at Ein Zara area (37%), compared with Janzour (22%).
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.27
Abstract... The present field study was carried out to identify fruit fly species in Tripoli fruit orchards during 2016 – 2017 seasons by using fruit rearing method.
Five hosts were examined in this study namely Guava Psidium guajava L. , Pear Pyrus communis، , Plum Prunus cerasifera, pomegranate Punica granatum and Peach Prunus persica
The results revealed that three species of fruit flies that belong to family Tephritidae were identified; the Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zontana (Saunders) and the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemaan), which were found in all fruit trees examined, and Bactrocera sp.that was recorded for the first time on Guava in the area. The fourth fruit fly species recorded was the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) in pomegranate and Guava fruits.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.28
Abstract... Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi (Psv) is the causal agent of olive knot disease. Forty nine bacterial isolates of Psv were isolated from knots on several hosts at the western area of Libya: 31 isolates from olive Olea europaea, 17 isolates from athel Tamarix aphylla (on which the disease is documented for the first time) and one isolate from retem Retama raetam. The isolates were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics and LOPAT profile. They produced round, white creamy colonies on selective media (PAB and KB), from which 15 isolates produced fluorescent pigments. With the exception of other LOPAT analysis, all isolates were pectinolytic activity and arginine dihydrolase negative. some isolates were levan positive (10 isolates) and oxidase positive (12 isolates), while the rest of isolates were negative for both tests. Most of the isolates induced a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco and pepper leaves. Plasmid profile analysis of Psv strains indicated high genetic variability between the isolates of the same host or different hosts. Most of the olive isolates were classified according to their plasmid profile into five groups (A, B, C, D, F), however, the athel isolates were separated into three different groups designated as G, K, N, on the other hand, group E and H contained mixed isolates from different hosts: group H included two isolates from olive (OS25w and OS42w) and one isolate from retem (Ra1); only two strains OS6w and Ta5y from olive and athel respectively were classified within the same group designated as E. The remaining seven isolates from all hosts were unique. The total number of plasmids ranged from 1-4 for the strains tested, while the DNA content varied widely ranging from 540 to 13550 bp. No plasmid were detected in 14 isolates tested. Genome analysis based on plasmid profiles indicated the great potential of this technique to discriminate between the isolates of Psv from different hosts and geographical regions.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.29
Abstract... Early blight disease causes severe damage to the foliar part of solanaceous crops including tomato. Fifteen isolates (12 from tomato, 2 from potato, 1 from pepper) were collected from different sources in Tripoli.
Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine cultural behaviour on PDA medium, morphological, pathogenic and molecular variation between isolates tested. Colonies of isolates revealed variation in their cultural behaviour on PDA medium ranging from cottony to appressed growth, with colour ranging between light to dark olivaceous. The pigments released by the isolates changed the medium colour to grey or brown. Morphological studies of the fungal isolates exhibited short conidiophores bearing a single or chains of paired conidia. This study revealed a significant variation in conidial size for the isolates tested ranging from 23.45 to 46.90 x 7.70 to 14.00 µm. Pathogenicity testes on fruits, plants, and detached leaves of tomato indicated a high significant variation between isolates tested ranging from highly to moderate or weak pathogenic.
Genetic diversity of A. solani isolates using RAPD-PCR with oligonuclotide primers revealed significant differences in the appearance of polymorphic and monomorphic banding patterns. Three primers (OPA-07, OPA-09, OPJ-09) out of ten were able to determine the genetic fingerprints of tested isolates. Cluster analysis of RAPD-PCR products showed that primer OPA-07 was able to classify the isolates into five groups: group A (TF4,TF7, TL1, TL3), group B (TF1,TF3, TF8, PEF), group C (TF5, TF6, TF9, POL1, POL2), whereas the remaining two isolates TL2 and TF2 were unique in their patterns and were designated as group U1 and U2 respectively. Primer OPA-09 revealed four distinct genetic groups designated as: group A (TF4, TF6, TF7, TF8, TL2), group B (POL1, TL3, TF3), group C (TF5, POL2) and group D (TL1, TF1, TF2, TF9, PEF). However primer OPJ-09 was able to split the isolates tested into four distinct clusters: group A (TF1, TF7, TL3, PEF), group B (TF3, TF8, POL2), group C (TF2, TF6, TF9, TL2) and group D (TF4, TF5).
The results of RAPD-PCR demonstrate existence of considerable variation in molecular characteristics of A. solan iisolates. Accordingly these isolates were classified into different groups and unique patterns with no obvious association between the pattern of clustering of the isolates and their host of origin, morphological characteristics and pathogenicity.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.30
Abstract... Five isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated from different plant families: Sca, Scu, Egg, Sep, Sle. The study showed a clear difference between these isolates when studying Their agricultural characteristics, such as the growth and growth rate of mecellium and the production and size of stone bodies between these isolates. All isolates showed growth of transparent mecillium and then evolved and became white cotton on different Nutritious medium. The stone bodies formed in different shapes and sizes depending on themedium and the difference in the number of days of composition. The medium of potatoes, dextrose (PDA) and carrots (CaA) showed the highest growth rate and number of stone bodies of all isolates compared to other.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.31
Abstract... Small hive beetle (SHB) Aethina tumida (Order Coleoptera، Family Nitidulidae ) is an exotic pest of honeybee colonies، native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been found in several of the world over the past few decades. Adults are small، their color ranges from reddish-brown to dark brown (almost black) ، and its life cycle passes through four stages، egg، larva and adult after pupping period in the soil. The beetles are attracted to a number of odors from bee colonies، and can multiply to huge numbers within infested colonies where it eat brood، honey and pollen. In certain conditions، the
(SHB) destroys combs and cause comb damage and honey spoilage through feeding and defecation. If beetle infestation is very high and uncontrolled، they ultimately destroy colonies or cause them to abscond.
https://doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2019.v01.01.32
Abstract... This research was conducted to study effect of the tested plant powders on the biology of the C. chinensis life using powder of Lantana camara leaves and powder of Melia azedarach leaves and fruits mixed with kidney bean seeds at different concentrations (0,1,2,3,4,5g powder/100g). Results showed that the powder of L. camara leaves was higher on reduction of the female`s fertility to 33.27%. The percentage of reduction in the numbers of the first generation (F1) was 45.68%. While fertility was 48.2 and 53.5% and the percentage in reduction of the numbers of the first generation was 38.55 and 23.18% for M. azedarach leaves and fruits powder respectively. The tested plant powders have repellent effect on the adults.
Repellency also achieved by L. Camara, M. azedarach fruits and leaves and reached 80, 73.3 and 66.6% respectively Chemotrophometer measure showed no differences on the repellent effect of the tested plant powders. The females when given free selection for eggs laying on seeds treated with 5g powder /100g seeds and untreated seeds they choose the untreated seeds to lay eggs. The powders found to have repellent effect on the insects preventing them from laying eggs. However, C. chinensis choosed untreated seeds for ovipostion.
Callosobruchus chinensis (L) belongs to Order Coleoptera and family Chrysomelidae. a primary pest infests legume seeds.