Printing ISSN2708-857X
Online ISSN 2708-8588
Online ISSN 2708-8588
Abstract... Abstract
Thirty-six growing Rabbits male, 5 weeks old, with initial weights of 776.67±9.71 gm were used for the study. The rabbits were randomly allocated to four treatments groups of 9 rabbits each. Group one fed basal diet free of feed additives and served as a control group. Groups 2 and 3 supplemented with 200 and 400 mg Thyme leaves / kg diet, respectively. Group 4 received control diet, but drinking water supplemented with 200 mg ascorbic acid /L.Results showed that at 13 weeks of age the supplementation of 200 mg ascorbic acid, 200 and 400 mg Thyme leaves /kg diet brought a significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements in final body weight(g) by the value of 2119.4, 2250, 2360.6 and 2232.8 total of weight gain(g) by 1341.7,1502.8,1584.4 and 1457.2 feed conversion ratio by 3.83,3.22,2.96 and 3.43 and significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased daily feed intake(g) by 91.42,86.78,86.77 and 90.2, respectively. Most of the carcass traits were insignificantly affected by different treatments, however, kidney fat and lungs percentage were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased and increased, respectively, in the group received 400 mg Thyme leaves in comparison with control. Digestibility coefficients of DM was insignificantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the groups received Thyme leaves, however, digestibility coefficients of OM was insignificantly (P ≤ 0.05) but decreased in the group had 400 mg Thyme leaves in compared with control and ascorbic acid fed groups. Diets containing Thyme leaves caused significant (P ≤ 0.05) increment in DCP % value compared with control and ascorbic acid fed groups. In conclusion the results showed that addition of Thyme leaves or ascorbic acid in rabbit diets had improved the productive performance, carcass, digestibility of growing rabbits and 400 mg/kg Thyme leaves was more effective tan 200 mg/kg Thyme leaves or ascorbic acid.
Abstract... Abstract:
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dry fenugreek seeds powder as a natural feed additive on the growth performance and physiological parameters of broiler chicken. With an average weight of 40g of chick one day-old Ross 308 chickens, Obtaineol from the Golden Company were randomly distributed into two groups (control and experimental treatment) :(o, 5mg/kg fenugreek seeds) each group contained of 30 birds. Body weight and weight gain rate were measured in addition to calculating consumed feed, food consumption factor, and comparison between groups of the percentages weight of organs (heart, gizzard and liver) were were measured. The results showed a significant increase in live body weight and weight increase rates (p <0.05), as well as significant improvement in the feed conception ratio (FCR) of the birds fed on a diet supplemented with dry fenugreek seeds. A significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) in the experimental group compared to control. It was concluded that additive of fenugreek seeds to broiler diet were reliable-cheap additive and growth promoter.
Abstract... Abstract
The study was conducted in Qaser El Mekdem village, west of Al Bayda city, Libya, during 2017-2018, in a dovecote containing about 50 pairs of Libyan local pigeon breed, maintained in semi-closed house all around the year. Ten pairs of pigeons were randomly chosen in the first phase of study: November-January with temperature mean of (10.33 min. and 17.33 max. °C), and 8 pairs were used in the second phase of study: June-July, with temperature mean of (19.79 min. and 31.22 max. °C). Average weight of parents was 392.27 and 307.19 g for male and female respectively. Adult’s weight significantly affected by sex (P < 0.05). Egg weight mean was 15.24 g, the first and second egg were comparable in weight. Egg number, incubation period, hatching weight and weaning weight in local pigeon were 2.22, 17.94 days, 12.83 g and 238.08 g respectively. Hatching weight, growth rate and weaning weight were higher in winter in comparison with summer (P < 0.05). Local pigeon produced lighter egg (P < 0.05), and tend to produce less egg number in summer in comparison with winter. Egg hatchability and pre-weaning squab death rate were low in winter in comparison with summer (P < 0.05). A preliminary description for a number of productive and reproductive traits of Libyan local pigeons and their variability between winter and summer seasons were presented in this study.
Abstract... ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the average of insulin concentration in colostrum and milk, for three local camels in the city of Misurata; during the first 15 weeks of lactation. The first samples of colostrum were collected within 24 hours of birth, and the second samples were collected within 48 hours of birth; The samples are prepared and analyzed by UV spectroscopy with a wavelength of 276 nm; The average concentration of insulin in the colostrum samples was (641 ± 77.7 IU / L), and it remained high during the second week after birth with an average of (435 ± 5 IU/L), And the average concentration in general in milk samples during 14 weeks (186 ± 17.9 IU/L).
The statistical analysis shows that there are differences, where the significant differences were high between the first three months of breastfeeding; It should be noted that this study lasted for 6 months because the birth of the female camel was not at the same time, although the insemination and mating took place in the same period, which led to the observation of non-significant differences in the concentration of insulin between them and by excluding the genetic factor, only the environmental factor remains.
Abstract... Abstract
The freshwater fish Catla Catla was exposed to Dicofol an Organochlorine pesticide and Cypermethrin a synthetic pyrethroid which is widely used in agriculture for several crops such as paddy, cotton and vegetables to control serious insects and mites in many areas of the Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The LC50 values determined for Dicofol 18.5%EC and Cypermethrin 10%EC at 24hrs were 1.82ppb and 1.68ppb respectively.1 /10th of lethal concentration for 96hrs LC50 value is considered as sub lethal concentration. The exposure of fish to a lethal concentration for 24hrs and sub lethal concentration for 8 days and investigated significant changes in the vital organs by following standard protocols. The percent decrease of total proteins was observed.
Abstract... Abstract
The present study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters associated with direct and maternal genetic effects on birth and weaning weights in Friesian herd and to estimate the prediction of breeding values for both traits, by using bivariate repeatability animal model. The data used in the study included pedigree and weight records of calves born between 1984 and 2014. Overall means of birth weights B.Wt and weaning weight W.Wt were 37.66 ± 0.08 and 64.02 ± 0.75kg respectively; the average of suckling period (SP) was 61.62± 3.44 days of age. The person correlation coefficient between birth weight and weaning weight was 0.312, considering that the duration of suckling introduced as partial variable. The results showed that the year and season of birth had high significant effect on calf birth weight and weaning weight (P <0.0001) in addition the influence of) of sex of calf and dam parity on calf birth weight was highly significant (P<0.0001). Direct heritability estimates for birth weight B.Wt and weaning weight W.Wt are 0.33 and 0.12, respectively, while, maternal heritability estimates for the same traits are 0.12 and 0.08, respectively. Total heritability estimates are 0.24 and 0.07 for B.Wt and W.Wt, respectively. Repeatability estimates are 0.41 and 0.22 for B.Wt and W.Wt, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between the traits are 0.38 and 0.80, respectively. Values of Estimated breeding values ranged from -5.43 to 7.73 kg for B.Wt and ranged from -2.54 to 2.75 kg for W.Wt. It concluded that the direct and maternal heritability and direct and maternal correlation coefficients for birth and weaning weights were moderate to low, the additive genetic variation for traits was deemed sufficient to allow effective selection for growth performance
Abstract... Abstract
The main objective of this study was to estimate the import demand for beef meat in Libya by using the Bounds Testing Approach and Error Correction Model (ECM) in the framework of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach (ARDL (to verify the existence of a stable relationship in the long – run between beef imports and its determinants, the study relied mainly on secondary data issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization during the period 1980-2018. The data were tested for their time series proprieties by using unit root test. The existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between beef import quantity, beef import price and income were verified using bounds test approach to cointegration. Short and long-run dynamics of the demand for beef import were determined through the estimation of an error correction model; the magnitude of error correction model was (-0.25) which mean it adjusted annually by 25%. Further, the demand of beef imported is price inelastic in the short run, and in the long-run price elasticity was greater than the short run elasticity. While the income elasticity of beef import was less than one in the short run, which means that beef meat is considered as normal and necessary commodity for Libyan consumers.
Abstract... Abstract
Between March and August 2019, about 52 specimens of Carcharhinus brevipinna were collected from Ras-lanuf shores, Libya. In a size range (60.3-270.3 cm) and weights (1551.11-39510.22 gm), to study their biology: In length-weight relationship was isometric (B=2.5934); values of condition factors (Kf and Kc) plummeted by increasing size, from 0.42 and 0.28 in 77.6 cm size, to Kf = 0.17 in 145.8 cm and Kc = 0.13 in 178.6 cm. The presence of the middle group (178.6 cm) peaked by the quarter (26.9%), whereas the largest group had the lowest attendance by 7.6%. The variance of the H.S.I. started by 20.8% to drop in the middle (15.2%) raising to 25.7% in the largest specimens. G.S.I. averages of males and females indicated gradually from 1.20 and 1.00 in the small sizes, till 4.31 and 4.82, respectively. The sex ratio of males and females approached by 1.33: 1.00 respectively. Their stomachs contained pelagic teleosts (44.6%) then mollusks by 20.3 %, with the benthic fishes, cephalopods and juvenile cartilaginous fishes constituted by 17.6, 9.4 and 8.1% respectively. Pelagics peaked in 113.9 cm by 65.0% and dropped (30.4%) in 229.1 cm; in 77.6 cm, the bony benthics and cartilaginous fishes recorded 52.2 and 14.6% respectively, with 16.7 of mollusks, compare to 29.8% in 178.6 cm, cephalopods peaked to 20.0% in 145.8cm. This study is beneficial for studies the population dynamics of this species and others in the Libyan coast, to manage the fish stocks-assessment and to protect the immature individuals in coasts and nursery grounds from overfishing.
Abstract... Abstract :
Libya suffers from a clear shortage in dairy production, and the agricultural sector was not able to cover the gap between local production and demand, and that a large part of consumption is satiated by imports. Therefore, it became necessary to pay attention to livestock projects, and there for the study’s objective is to conduct an economic analysis of milk production and consumption in Libya during the period (1990-2010) using quantitative statistical analysis represented by simple and multiple regression, graphs and some other economic indicators, the economic analysis indicates that there is a general increase in the growth rate of animals milk production sheep, goats, cows and camels by 9%, 5.1%, 2.6%, and 0.8%, respectively, as it turns out to be an increase in both the quantity of domestic consumption and the quantity of imports from dairy, but also increases the dairy gap as a result of increased consumption and a decrease in the quantity supplied of local production. To increase production the study recommended that to concentrated feed, and selection of strains with high production efficiency that suit the local Libyan conditions can lead to increase the dairy productivity.
Abstract... Abstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate the estrogenic action of rosella calyx and anise seed on male Japanese quail in terms of maturity (%), testes weight and length, cloacal gland (foam gland) weight and foam weight, juxta-testicular duct system (epididymis) weight, ductus deferens weight, time to copulation, final body weight, and carcass weight. In the experiment, 84 male Japanese quails 2-week-old were assigned randomly into seven groups (n= 12 in three replicates). The experiment was extended to the 18th week of age. Experimental groups were as follow: Group (T1) served as non-treated control fed on basal diet, Group (T2) fed on basal diet + 0.5% rosella, Group (T3) fed on basal diet + 1% rosella, Group (T4) fed on basal diet + 0.5% anise, Group (T5) fed on basal diet + 1% anise, Group (T6) fed on basal diet + 0.5% rosella + 0.5% anise, and Group (T7) fed on basal diet + 1% rosella + 1% anise. The results indicated that the addition of rosella calyx and anise seed did not have a significant effect on body weight and carcass weight during the trial period. However, the results revealed that the age of sexual puberty was delayed as a result of the inclusion of rosella calyx and anise seed in high concentrations. Moreover, testicular weight and its ratio to body weight were negatively affected in the groups fed on a diet containing the high concentrations of rosella calyx and anise seed that were used in this study. on the other hand, the length of the testicles, the cloacal gland (foam gland) weight, the foam weight, the ductus deferens weight, the juxta-testicular duct system (epididymis) weight, and their ratio to the body weight were not affected by the additives used in all the treated groups compared to the control group. Besides, adding rosella calyx and anise seed did not affect the time required for mating in the males of the treated groups compared with the control males.
Abstract... Abstract
The study was carried out on Suloq Company of Poultry to evaluate the growth performance of broiler (Ross308) fed on local or imported diets. Few field visits were applied to the company, and the body weight was measured every week. Afterwards, the body weight gain was calculated weekly. Feed intake was measured, and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Few production cycles were followed up for broilers fed on local (16 closed houses) or imported diets (8 closed houses) for the overall period which lasted for 35 days. Mortality and culling rates were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using T test, whereas mortality and culling rates were analyzed using Chi square test. The findings showed that group of birds fed on the imported diet was significantly (P<0.05) overcome on the body weight, the body weight gain and the feed conversion ratio compared with those group fed on the local diet.
Abstract... Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate date seeds as a feed ingredient in growth performance and some biochemical parameters of the Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fingerlings with an average weight of 34.53 ± 0.14 g for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, growth performance measurement and blood samples were collected to determine blood glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides in blood serum. The results showed that: it can use date seeds in the diets of tilapia fish, without any effect. Although, the weight gain, weight gain ratio, standard growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed the diet containing date seeds were lower than the control diet (wheat bran-based diet); whereas the value feeds conversion ratio (FCR) of the Nile tilapia was higher in group fish fed on diet contained date seeds compare to the control group. Additionally, the blood sugar, total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride were lower obtained from fish fed on date seed (90.33±1.43, 1.61±0.04, 78.50±2.23 and 43.00±1.51, respectively) compared with control, however in the normal range. Thus, further work is straightway needed to improve the quality of date seeds for tilapia, using proper processing and treatment techniques
Abstract... Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate certain antioxidants, by feeding 1500 of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on diets containing different levels (0%, 0.1%, 0.5% or 1%) of an aqueous methanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Coriandrum sativum and Cassia angustifolia as a feed additive for seventy-five days. Fish with an initial weight of 22.65 ± 0.07 g were distributed to 30 tanks, 50 fish in each tank, and the experiment was started with three replications. At the end of each month, the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidase GPx, Glutathione GSH and lipid peroxidase LPO) levels were analyzed. According to the study results, the methanolic extracts of C. sativum and C. angustifolia significantly increased SOD activity in rainbow trout (P < 0.05), but showed no significant change in CAT activity (P > 0.05). GSH levels increased for the dose by 1% for all experimental groups (P < 0.05). When GPx levels were compared, C. sativum and C. angustifolia showed an overall increase in lipid peroxidase compared to the control, while lipid peroxidase was generally low in the experimental groups (P > 0.05).
Abstract... Abstract
Cereal straws are deficient in critical nutrients and cannot meet nutrients requirement of ruminant without supplementation with nitrogen and energy sources. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea treated Barley straw (UTBS) (4%W/W) and urea-molasses feed blocks (UMB) on productive performance of Libyan Barbary sheep. One hundred and twelve Barbary Sheep were assigned to study wool characteristics and randomly distributed to four treatments: untreated straw (control), Urea treated straw (T1), untreated straw plus UMB blocks (T2) and urea treated straw plus UMB Blocks (T3). The results showed the significant effect of using UMB and (UTBS) on fleece weight, fiber diameter, staple length, fiber length, number of crimps on fine and coarse fiber and fiber type ratio. Rams gives heaviest fleece weight (2.17 kg) on (T1), while ewes give heaviest fleece weight on control groups. Highest fiber diameter on (T1) given by rams (61.92 µ) in comparison with other treatment, however, the highest fiber diameter was given by ewes on control group (45.02 µ). Staple length on rams was the longest on (T2) (10.40 cm.), however, it was the longest on ewes of control (10.90 cm). Fiber length was the longest on the ewes and rams on (T1) compared with the other treatment groups (11.92 cm and 12.50cm., respectively). The results showed that rams had a higher number of fine fiber crimps on (T1) and control (10.34/2 cm and 10.41/2 cm., respectively). While ewes had a higher number of fine fiber crimps on control and (T3) (10.12/2 cm. and 10.19/2 cm., respectively). The lowest coarse fiber ratio was found on the (T1) group for both rams and ewes (16.16% and 12.38%, respectively). It was found that wool fiber of rams on (T3) give highest nitrogen percentage (10.50%), while wool fiber of ewes on (T2) give the highest nitrogen percentage (10.91%). In Conclusion, UMB and UTBS can be used safely to improve wool production of Libyan Barbary sheep.
Abstract... Abstract
Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is a contagious chronic incurable disease of ruminants, can reduce the productivity, and difficult to diagnose and control. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium sub species paratuberculosis (MAP). Ruminant paratuberculosis is pathologically similar to human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which includes three pathological forms; Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and indeterminate colitis or unclassified IBD. The zoonotic concern is much to be detained since MAP is heat resistant and is capable of hiding inside white blood cells. In the current study the presence of acid-fast bacilli compatible with MAP in faecal and tissue smears were microscopically examined using Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique. During the period from the 9th of November 2017 to 7th of March 2018, a total of 27 faecal smears and 14 tissues smears gathered from 12 sheep and 15 goats were tentative infected with paratuberculosis (depending on the clinical features). These animals representing19 commercial herds in various locations in Northwestern Libya. Eighteen (66.6%) faecal smears demonstrated clumps compatible with acid-fast bacilli. Ten animals (71.4%) were positive depending on the presence of the same microorganism in tissue smears. Moreover, positivity of combination of both faecal and tissue smears was 85.7%. Additionally, our results indicate the importance of ileocecal lymph node as a target tissue for the detection of MAP. The findings of the present study reveal that Ziehl-Neelsen stain procedure is indicated for the rapid identification of MAP existing in faeces and tissues. Furthermore, this high occurrence showed a require for the application of a vigorous programme to control of small ruminants paratuberculosis, established on more sensitive tests, improving juvenile livestock administration, and rising biosecurity procedures.
Abstract... Abstract
Libya has a long coast which is more than 1970 km that is rich with different types of fishes. Fishes have a high nutritional value and people depend on them to cover their nutritional needs like proteins, minerals and vitamins. In the last years, many human activities such as nuclear and industrial wastes dropped in seas and oceans have caused high pollution with heavy metals. These pollutions are transmitted to consumers directly causing different dangerous diseases like cancers and metallic poisoning. To study this pollution, different types of fish samples have been collected randomly from local fish market in Misurata city, wet digested, and the heavy metals were determined with atomic absorption spectrometer. The results were compared with standards of WHO & FAO. The average concentrations of heavy metals (Hg , Cd , Pb , Cu ,Cr , Ni , Zn , Mn, and Fe, respectively) for different types of fish were as follows: Sardine fish (Sardinella maderensis): 0.005, 1.58, 0.25, 0.20, 0.25, 0.56, 0.37, 0.26, 0.99 (mg/kg), Sea dog fish (Galiorhinns galeus): 0.007, 1.97, 0.16, 0.19, 0.35, 0.56, 0.37, 0.26, 0.59 (mg/kg), Farroj fish (Epinelus mrgintus): 0.004, 2.16, 0.58, 0.71, 0.46, 0.65, 0.85, 0.27, 0.77 (mg/kg), Trillia fish (Mulhus barbahus): 0.003, 1.65, 0.41, 0.29, 0.55, 0.45, 0.75, 0.46, 0.67 (mg/kg), Kawally fish (Scomber japonicas): 0.002, 0.77, 0.65, 0.19, 0.77, 0.45, 0.96, 0.45, 0.69 (mg/kg), and Rzam fish (Auxis rochei): 0.00, 0.00, 0.15, 0.49, 0.38, 0.29, 0.37, 0.48, 0.41 (mg/kg). this kind of works can help to assist local and state health services in their deliberations concerning such contaminants in local fish.
Abstract... Abstract
The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center by the Animal Nutrition Team of the Animal Production Department with the aim of inventorying the available fodder resources for small ruminants in the Western Region and estimating their nutritional value. Study sites and collecting fodder samples from all sites identified within the scope of the study. After that, the forage resources were divided and classified according to the type and nature of the forage.
The results of the chemical analysis of the collected fodder samples showed that they contain varying nutritional value that varies according to the type of feed. Some of them were rich in protein, such as alfalfa turnip (Safflower) 17%, which comes at the forefront of feed in terms of its high nutritional value, while some of them are poor in protein. Or the nutritional value in general, such as barley straw 2.5 and others.
The study also showed that there are other feed sources that have not yet entered the list of official feed materials, which are agricultural residues known as (non-traditional feed) due to their low nutritional value and high percentage of indigestible fibers in them because they contain lignin. The intrusion of this part of the fodder into the scope of the study is its wide availability locally and the cheapness of its price, especially with the scarcity and high prices of other fodders so that they are good fodder alternatives.
Choosing this type of study, which is to inventory the available forage resources and assess their nutritional value at this time and with low capabilities, is a positive thing for the results we obtained from this study.
Abstract... Abstract
Data collected from weekly records during rearing period for 24 Barn of parent and grand parent of Hypeco, Avian and Shaver breeds at Ghot Asultan and Tawarga progect. Records of Hypeco breed were during years 1986 to 1991 under the Dutch management. Records of Avian breed were during 1993 to 1996 and records Shaver breed were during 1998 to 2001 under Libyan management. Hybrid vigor was estimated for each breed separately. We consider grand parent lines A, B, C, and D as parent and the offspring are AB male line and CD female line. Hybrid vigor was estimated for daily feed consumption and body weight during rearing period. Positive hybrid vigor was recorded for daily feed during growth period in female and male lines of Hypeco (1.3 % , 16.5 %) and for Shaver (2.7 %, 16.9%), respectively. In contrary to the estimates in Avian breed where it was negative (-15.26 %, -10.9 %). In addition, positive hybrid vigor was found in body weight during growing period in male line and negative in female line of hypeco breed (3.12 %, -18.7 %), and in Shaver (3,4 %, -11,4 %), respectively. In contrary, the estimates of hybrid vigor were negative in Avian breed (-16.7% , -23.8%) in male and female line. Breeds showed differences in hybrid vigor in economically important traits must be considered in selecting appropriate breed under Libyan conditions.