Abstract... Intermittent exotropia is the most common form of divergent strabismus. Treatment is
indicated with increasing tropia phase to preserve or restore binocular function and restore/reconstruct normal ocular alignment. While medical treatment is sometimes helpful for temporary relief, surgical therapy is the preferred definitive treatment modality
by most pediatric ophthalmologists and astrobiologists. Congenital exotropia is rarely
associated with amblyopia. The treatment of choice in this condition is also surgical.
Sensory exotropia is most often acquired after monocular visual loss. The preferred
treatment is surgical recession/resection on the impaired eye. Convergence insufficiency is usually not diagnosed until the teenage years or later, and it is best approached
non-surgically with convergence exercises. In this article, we review the current literature and practice on the diagnosis and management of exotropia with emphasis on intermittent exotropia.
Abstract... Objective: To investigate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains
isolated from urine specimen of out-patients with UTI in Misrata region, Libya.
Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the results of
microbiological culture and sensitivity tests performed in Alnoor Medical Laboratory in
Misurata city from the first of January 2021 to 31th of December 2021. Data were processed and analyzed by IBM SPSS statistical version 25. A p value of less than 0.05 was
considered as statistically significant. Results: Three hundred (300) urine samples of 300
UTI patients were positive for pathogenic bacteria. S. aureus was the predominate isolate,
representing 49.33% of all bacterial isolates, followed by E. Coli (26.33%), Klebsiella
Spp. (10.34%), Streptococcus Spp. (7.66%), Pseudomonas Spp. (2.66%), Proteus Spp.
(2.34%), and Acinobacter Spp. (1.34%). The age of the patients has a significant effect
on the distribution of uropathogens, since E. coli was the predominant bacteria in patients
younger than 18 years. The isolated bacteria were most susceptible to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. They were highly resistant to azithromycin, cefixime, and cotrimoxazole. Nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, and co-amoxiclav exhibit modest activity
against most uropathogens. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate the high resistance
against commonly used antibiotics, and emphasis the necessity of continuous evaluation
of antibiogram of urinary isolates for proper use of antibiotics.
Abstract... The present study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of leaves plant extract of
phoenix dactylifera L. using PTZ-induced seizure models. The leaves of date-palm was
subjected to extraction in methanol (99.9%). The phytochemical screening of the extract
revealed the presence the alkaloids, falvonoids, glycosides, saponin, steroids, tannins, and
gum. The methanolic activity of the extract of the leaves of date-palm was observed for
their anticonvulsant activity induced by pentylenetetrazole test using Albino Westar rats.
The extract in doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) for 5 successive days. Complete protection against Tonic–clonic convulsion and mortality were observed. We concluded that phoenix dactilifera leaves pose anticonvulsant properties and further investigation and phytochemical screening are needed to find out the much action.
Abstract... Melasma is a common dermatological condition that may presents a great therapeutic
challenge to treat. The specific aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and
safety of topical tranexamic Acid (TA 3 %) loaded chitosan microparticles (TA-CsMPs)
as compared with modified Kligman’s formula. A total 24 females with melasma in our
nonrandomized comparison study were classified into 2 groups. Group (I) females
advised to apply topical 3 % TA-Cs microgel twice daily, while group (II) was received
Kligman regimen once daily at night. A modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI) score was used to evaluate patients clinically once weekly for 6 weeks and
followed up for 3 more months after treatment completion. Dermal type of melasma, with
a lateral or centro-facial pattern of distribution and Fitzpatrick type III was found mostly
in patients. The m-MASI score was significantly lower in comparison to the baseline in
both investigated groups. Beside the adverse reaction as redness, irritation, or burning
associated with topical Kligman formula, TA-CsMPs regimen has superior efficacy and
safety in melasma treatment. Taken together, our current outcomes demonstrated that
topical 3% TA-CsMPs is an innovative, effective, and could be a potentially promising
safe alternative with good patient acceptance for melasma treatment.
Abstract... Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit, it is
considered as one of the most common skin diseases worldwide, especially among
adolescent population. The pathogenesis of acne is largely multifactorial and is still not
fully understood. In contrast to our knowledge of the genetic and hormonal role in the
pathogenesis of acne, there is uncertainty regarding other factors, including diet, body
mass index and vitamin D. Studies of the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of
acne have shown conflicting and inconclusive results. This study aimed to know the
effect of body mass index, and vitamin D level on acne vulgaris, and their association
with acne severity through a representative sample of female acne patients in Misrata
city. A prospective study, a total of 129 acne vulgaris female patients and 47 matched
healthy subjects as controls have been enrolled in this study. To collect data a self-made
questionnaire was designed. The collected data was statistically analyzed using
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. According to this study,
vitamin D level influences the presence of acne (p-value= 0.001) however it does not
affect its severity (p-value= 0.348). No correlation was found between acne and the
body mass index (p-value was 0.701). This study found that a deficient vitamin D level
affect acne vulgaris in female patients, and may play a potential role in pathogenesis of
acne vulgaris but no correlation between acne and the body mass index.
Abstract... Introduction: Diagnosing Leukaemia requires precise identification of atypical white
blood cells. This research aims to compare the effectiveness of the BC-720 analyzer and
manual microscopy in identifying blast and typical cells in both acute and chronic
Leukaemia. Manual microscopy and the BC-720 analyzer were used to investigate
differential white blood cell counts from 68 Leukaemia patients and 18 controls.
Sensitivity and error rates for detecting abnormal cells were evaluated. The manual
approach had a recognition loss of 12%, but successfully identified 47.1% of cases. The
BC-720 identified 52.9% of cases, with higher detection rates in chronic patients (41.2%)
and control cases (5.9%). In acute cases, the detection loss was 8.0% lower. Both
methods showed advantages and limitations. The BC-720 demonstrated higher detection
rates for abnormal cells, particularly in acute Leukaemia, and lower recognition losses
compared to manual microscopy. It can aid in more accurate Leukaemia classification
and management.
Abstract... Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease with abnormal accumulations of
Langerhans cells in different body organs. The skeletal system is a commonly the
affected site in pediatric populations, and treatment modalities are varied according to
the affected sites and the extent of the disease. We present the clinical details of a 12-
year-old girl patient diagnosed with single-system multifocal skeletal involvement
(SS-LCH). The scans of her spine revealed a full collapse fracture of the seventh
thoracic vertebral body, along with other lytic lesions affecting the vertebrae at levels
D2, D5, and L1. The patient had chemotherapeutic treatment in accordance with the
established guidelines for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The radiographic features
alone may evoke a higher level of suspicion for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH),
but they lack sufficient diagnostic capacity on their own. Histopathological
examinations are necessary to definitively establish or rule out a diagnosis of
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Prompt medical intervention is necessary in
order to halt the advancement of the disease and mitigate the need for more intrusive
therapeutic measures.