Printing ISSN 2664 – 1674
Online ISSN 2664 – 1682
Online ISSN 2664 – 1682
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj.2021.n17.01
Abstract... The human perceptual powers of Aristotle are among the natural sciences that I care about, especially since they are the focus of his natural assets, which lack bodily organs.The soul, being the basis of the perceptual powers of man, is also a general principle of life in which animals and plants also share despite their different ranks in the ladder of physical existence.However, according to Aristotle, this human being is the only one who uses the cognitive act according to which his knowledge of the duality of form and matter is represented through his possession of the mind in its two parts: The first is "passive practical" who accepts the sensual images that come to him, and is like the substance, except that it has no positive function. The second is the "effective theoretical" by which man extracts things from the state of negative perceptual images to the state of mental perceptions, and that is through the motive force and its relationship to pleasure and movement, and all this occurs according to the principle of the imagination towards which the motive force moves.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n17.02
Abstract... This study builds on Chomsky’s principles and parameters framework (Chomsky, 1986) by applying it to the study of second language (L2) acquisition. In other words, it makes use of a parameter resetting model to explain aspects of the second language learning process. It aims to investigate whether classroom instruction which presents only positive evidence, that is to say grammatically correct samples of the L2, is sufficient to enable adult second language learners to acquire certain properties of L2 parameters which differ from their mother tongue (L1). The participants in the study have Arabic as their L1, and are learning English as an L2. The study hypothesizes that the participants, who are all adult students studying English language at an advanced level in Misurata University, Libya, will not be able to reset the pro-drop parameter and the verb raising parameter from their properties in Arabic to their different properties in English. The hypothesized reason is that they are taught using only positive evidence-based samples of English, and that is not sufficient to lead to parameter resetting. The results show that the students had great difficulty in resetting the pro-drop parameter and the verb raising parameter from Arabic to English.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n17.05
Abstract... This exploratory case study aimed at investigating the student-teachers’ views on using Facebook games for language learning. The participants were 48 student-teachers at the EFL Department of the Faculty of Education at a Libyan public university. They were required to play Facebook games for two weeks and then present their experiences through oral presentations and reflective journals. Data were collected through student-teachers’ presentations and reflective journals. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a thematic inductive approach. Although few student-teachers had negative views, most of the student-teachers had positive views on using Facebook games for learning. They believed that Facebook games teach players following instructions and provide opportunities for language improvement, especially for vocabulary learning. We expect that our findings would provide teachers and practitioners with ideas for classroom research and encourage researchers to conduct further and more rigorous testing on integrating Facebook games into the EFL classroom.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n.17.04
Abstract... It is well known historically that Mesopotamia is the home of one of the most ancient civilizations in human history; where the influences of many sciences, arts, and knowledge appeared and gradually developed in line with political, economical, social, and religious needs of the population in parallel with their progression in the ladder of civilization. This research aims to focus on one of those sciences, namely mathematics, to find out the detailed history of this science using the historical narrative method. Whereby the history of the beginings and development of mathematics is traced through the historical stages of the Mesopotamian civilization. The most important results of the research were, that humanity owes to the Mesopotamian civilization the innovation of the principle of the numerical order, the importance of which lies in the fact that it represents progress in stripping the number from the association with the counted things and arranging the system of the count on bases of the positional relationship between the various symbols within a single number. In addition to that, their laying down of the foundations of algebra and geometry and trigonometry.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n17.07
Abstract... This research undertakes a historical study of the issue of the Fezzan region under the French occupation from (1943-1951A), where France occupied Fezzan from 1941 to 1943 A.D., in coordination with Britain, which also occupied Cyrenaica and Tripoli. Therefore, Libya was urging three military administrations. The first and the second were British. One in Cyrenaica and the other in Tripoli whereas the third administration was French in Fezzan. The French military administration, since its stability in Fezzan, proceeded to restructure the region, administratively and geographically, by organizing its regions and dividing it into multiple geographical parts. In order to establish a weak entity that mainly depends on France and cannot separate from it. France worked to dismantle its relations with the surrounding near and far. This is to besiege it and isolate it, geographically and politically, from the regions of Tripoli and Cyrenaica. In fact, this step is to create an administrative political situation that would bring about integration in various aspects of life in Fezzan with its colonies in Tunisia and Algeria. After the issuance of the independence decision of Libya issued by the United Nations on November 21, Libya became an independent and sovereign state consisting of Cyrenaica, Tripoli and Fezzan. France rushed to form the so-called transitional system a few months after the issuance of the decision. That was in 1950, and this transitional system was keen to choose local tribal forces and try to involve them in power, even if this was formal to prolong their stay in Fezzan.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n.17.08
Abstract... Tripoli is one of the important cities in North Africa, in terms of: its location, its port, and its economic importance in the transfer of European trade across the desert, and the attention of the Spaniards turned to the city, and acknowledges its occupation. Because it was the rear base of Djerba, which, if it were controlled, would subject the Mediterranean basin to the Spanish power, which needed to be used as a military base to launch its operations in the Mediterranean, and accordingly, through the commercial relations between Italian, Spanish and city commercial cities, merchants worked to convey a vivid picture of the situation. Its economics, and perhaps the reason that accelerated the process of occupation of the city, to control trade in the Mediterranean in favor of Spanish trade, which was offset by a deterioration in the economic conditions in the city.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n.17.09
Abstract... The study aimed to identify the extent to which 21st century skills are included in chemistry courses at the secondary level in Sudan, to achieve this goal the researcher used the descriptive analytical method using the content analysis from modified by the researcher as the tool included in its final form 46 sub- skills on 7 areas which are(critical thinking and problem solving, innovative and creativity, cooperation and team work and leadership communication technology information and media computing technology, profession self – reliant learning, understanding multiple culture). The study was also represented in the chemistry courses to first, second, and third grades. To analyze the data frequencies and percentages were used. The results showed a low level of inclusion chemistry courses at the secondary stage for the twenty first century skills reached 44,2% and the lowest inclusion rate reached 1,5%. The researchers recommended the need to direct the care and attention of those involved in curriculum planning and preparation in the approach to 21st century skills in study designs for all educational levels, also setting standards for building high school chemistry curricula to include 21st century skills as a systematic manner that achieves the principal of complementarity continuity.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n.17.10
Abstract... The tax system is seen as the most important aspect of a country's financial system in spite of its differences throughout the ages. This is due to the fact that it gives us a bright picture of its imports and banks but its rules are the same in the previous Islamic period and modern financial systems. It has been preferred to define this system according to the phenomena that preceded it in previous Islamic societies and countries and the Abbasid Caliphate has been mentioned specifically until the end of the law of the Ottoman Empire. For controlling the affairs of these countries from the financial point of view, the Kharj Office was established, which in turn regulates the collection of funds by controlling their financial records, and then balancing their incomes and expenses. this is to state that for this reason it was essential to have someone involved in this task, He was charged with collecting the Kharaj, and it was listed by several names, including (Al-Qabil) and (Al-Damen), and the Abbasid Caliphs, besides the Turkmen Emirates in Anatolia, resorted to him. The method of commitment is morally Ottoman, but they took it from those who preceded them and made alterations to it. According to that, this issue was obtainable in four main axes.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n.17.11
Abstract... Sufism is a universal phenomenon and in Islam it is represented in many forms, but most of them were close to the spirit of the same religion, inspired by the spiritual values to uplift the soul because it breaks the intensity of lust and elevates the value of asceticism. This research clarifies some of the features of its path by showing the means of its usages and the methods it invokes.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n.17.12
Abstract... The Crusaders succeeded in forming several Crusader kingdoms in the Islamic East، and their customs and institutions were influenced by expatriates from Western Europe، as there were always close contacts، but as relatively small kingdoms، they often lacked financial and military support from Europe، which made them work to remedy that. To become the ruling system in these kingdoms is the feudal system، as these kingdoms relied at the beginning of their inception on the nobles and feudal lords coming from Europe، but most of them return to their original home after the end of their military role and the provision of their services، and to maintain the Crusader presence in the East، cities were given that could enable The Crusaders from seizing it for the feudal lords; to preserve it in the absence of effective military and human force، and from here the features of the formation of the Crusader feudal army began to appear، the subject of study.
https://doi.org/10.36602/faj/2021.n17.13
Abstract... The purpose of this research is to explore the perception, that is understanding based on awareness, knowledge and experiences, of teachers and students of the relationship between utilizing Authentic Audio Visual Materials (AAVMs) in the EFL classroom and pronunciation development. The total number of participants in this study is 26. The study employs the qualitative method of research and targets teachers and students who delivered/passed two specific courses, Phonetics I, II and Language Skills I, II ,III. These two courses are concerned with pronunciation teaching and development at the Faculty of Arts, Misurata University. While Phonetics targets pronunciation through linguistic knowledge, Language Skills are supposed to achieve that through listening and speaking activities. One-on-one detailed interviews, focus group interviews, open-ended questionnaires and observation sessions were the data collection instruments employed for this study. The findings of this study revealed that teachers and students have distinct perceptions of the relationship between utilizing AAVMs in the EFL classroom and pronunciation development. It was additionally attested that the lack of feedback and correction of pronunciation mistakes can have negative consequences on pronunciation development in the EFL classroom whereas providing students with feedback can have positive impacts on the pronunciation improvement process.