Scientific Journal of Faculty of Education, Misurata University
The Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Education, Misurata University, is a peer-reviewed journal published biannually by the Faculty of Education at Misurata University, Libya. Online (ISSN): 2710-4141 The journal aims to publish original academic research and studies in the fields of humanities, linguistics, and applied sciences. It accepts submissions from authors affiliated with academic institutions in Libya and worldwide. The Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Education at the University of Misurata provides an avenue for publishing research in both Arabic and English across the following research fields: Islamic Studies – Arabic Language and Literature – Historical and Heritage Studies – Geographical Studies – Educational and Social Studies – Psychological and Behavioral Studies – English Language and Literature –Educational Administration and Planning – Information and Communication Technology – Physics – Chemistry –Biology –Mathematics – Fine and Musical Arts. The journal adheres to an Open-Access publishing policy in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0), to reuse, share, and redistribute published content, provided that the original author(s) and the publisher are cited. The journal does not charge authors any fees for submission, review, or publication of their manuscripts. All publication costs are fully covered by Misurata University, in support of the Open Access model and to promote scientific research. Vision The scientific journal of the Faculty of Education aspires to be a leading platform for publishing peer-reviewed scientific research in accordance with internationally recognized standards. Mission The journal strives to be among the top scientific journals, by publishing original, peer-reviewed research evaluated by experts from major Libyan and international universities. Objectives To publish research in the field of humanities and applied sciences that highlight the role of specialists in keeping pace with advancements and developments in these fields. To promote awareness of the principles of humanities and applied sciences, emphasizing their flexibilityand timeless and universal relevance. To provide opportunities for specialists to contribute to the publication of scientific knowledge, fostering a culture of critical thinking and academic dialogue. To publish academic work presented at conferences, forums and workshops within the scope of the journal. To promote academic theses and dissertation by publishing summaries related to the journal’s areas of interest. To actively contribute to the knowledge society by publishing research that leads to development of the society.
The political situation in Territory of Tripoli the western 625 - 916 AH/ 1227 - 1510 AD
Abstract: With the beginning of the Hafsid state in Ifriqiya, in the year 625 AH / 1227 AD, which was considered a continuation of the Almohad state,The city of Tripoli and its environs welcomed this state, which it considered a continuation of the Almohad authority,The Tripoli people found in the Hafsid state a greater opportunity to provide help and assistance to them as soon as possible as a result of the presence of the decision-maker near them,It is not like it was under the Almohads when it took a long time for their decision-making to be issued by the Almohad caliph in Marrakech, and when the matter settled for Banu Hafs in Ifriqiya and they took it as a center of their power,They began to send the princes to Tripoli, and thus Tripoli became part of the Hafsid state, and it had a prominent role in the political events of their era. It seems that the political vacuum prevailing in the Tripoli Territory from time to time encouraged some princes to revolt against the Hafsids, thus trying their independence from the central government in Tunisia, and the political vacuum encouraged the emergence of a number of adventurers and greedy rulers, in an attempt to seize them. On Tripoli and its environs. Through their revolutions and separatist movements, which seem to have the greatest impact in creating chaos and turmoil for this country.
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Digital maps of groundwater characteristics in the localities of Al- Sawawa and Al-Aman in the Al-Mahjoub area A comparative study using geographic information systems
Abstract: The research aims to analyze the spatial distribution of the qualitative characteristics (physical and chemical) of groundwater in the localities of Al-Sawawa and Al-Aman, and to produce digital maps for them using geographic information systems based on the results of the analysis of 20 samples of groundwater wells in the laboratory to determine their characteristics. It was appreciated Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH), Electrical conductance (EC), Total dissolved salts (TDS), Nitrate, chloride, magnesium, calcium and bicarbonate ions, and comparison of results with Libyan and international standards for drinking purposes. The results showed spatial differences for the qualitative characteristics (chemical and physical) between the water of the groundwater wells in the two study areas, whereas the pH recorded the highest value of 7.50 mg / liter in well 6,it reached the lowest value of 6.94 mg / liter in well 8 in the Sawawa area, while it was between 7.52 mg/L and 6.65 mg/L in Al-Aman area. Also, the results indicated that the values of the total dissolved salts reached the highest 4556 mg / liter in well 6, while the lowest was 1198 mg / liter in well 9, and nearly 10418 in well 17 and about 1970 mg / liter in well 18 in Al-Sawawa and Al-Aman localities, which made it outside the permissible limits for domestic use in drinking according to Libyan and international standards, While calcium concentrations in groundwater wells ranged between 120 and 400 mg/liter in Al- Sawawa locality, it reached between 200 and 400 mg/liter in Al-Aman locality, at a rate of 206 mg/liter, and the average chloride in groundwater in the study area was about 1350 mg/liter, and its concentration ranged Between 532.5 in well 13 and 1881.5 mg/L in well 15 in Al- Sawawa locality and between 781 and 4331 mg/L in Al-Aman locality. The study produced high- resolution digital Maps showing the geographical distribution and qualitative characteristics of groundwater. Keywords: groundwater, geographical distribution, digital maps, geographic information systems, qualitative characteristics.
The Problems That Face Students of Practical Education in the Faculty of Education University of Khartoum from the Perspectives of Students Themselves
Abstract: The study aimed to identify the problems that face students of practical education in the Faculty of the Education University of Khartoum from the perspectives of students themselves. To achieve this goal, the researchers have used the descriptive method. The sample of the study contained 175 male and female students. The questionnaire consisted of 55 items divided into five domains, and its reliability and validity have been confirmed by appropriate statistical methods. To analyze the data, the researchers used (SPSS) by applying the chi-square test. The study reached into many results, the most important; there are several problems during the implementation of practical education program: the existence of a lot of trainee students in one school, also the training schools were far from the students' dormitory, lack of material potentials in many trainee schools, and insufficient transportation to the trainee schools. The study revealed that there were statistically significant differences in school type in favor of government schools. In light of the results, the researchers recommended reconsideration in selecting the training schools appropriate to the goals, purposes, and tasks of the practical education program. Besides, the necessity of coordination between Faculties of Education at the Khartoum state in sending the trainee students to the schools as much as they can gradually to get required training.
The grammatical interpretations of the investigator Muhammad Muhyi al-Din on Ibn Aqil in his commentary on the millennium
Abstract: This research contains the grammatical evidences of the investigator: Mohamed Muhy Abdul-Hamid, on the explanation: Bahaa Al-Din Abdullah bin Aqil, in his book: Sharh Ibn Aqil, in which he explained the Alfiyya of Ibn Malik in grammar and syntax. However, these remedies reached more than twenty corrections.
The position of the thinker Jamal al-Din al-Afghani on the foreign occupation of Egypt (1871-1879)
Abstract: This research deals with the life of one of the leading Islamic thinkers, religious reformers and politicians, named Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, who had several serious stances regarding the conditions that prevailed in the Islamic world in the nineteenth century, including weakness, internal disintegration and colonial assertions from abroad. Therefore, this research focused on his role in the foreign colonization of Egypt during the era of the Khedivial Dynasty during the reign of Ismail Pasha (1863-1879), and after him Tawfiq Pasha (1879-1992). He followed in that preaching and guidance to the people of Egypt, reminding them that they are a free people who cannot submit to the weak government, nor to the colonialism that came to Egypt in order to plunder its goods.
The Value Philosophy of the Objectives of the Social Work Profession and Its Relationship to development of Social Capital.
Abstract Social capital is considered a humanitarian objective which the Social work work aims to fulfill. That is through strengthening the social relationships among individuals, groups and communities. When social relations are weak, community may be subject to breakdown and collapse. This is the main problem of this paper. It discusses how to strengthen social relationships which in turn makes individuals stronger, empowers the group unity and makes the community more sustainable. Based on the answers to the research questions, these results have been concluded: 1. The philosophy of the Social work holds in deep humanitarian values whose specialists aim to achieve. 2. Social work is a humanitarian profession based on the philosophy of value. This philosophy aims at protection, treatment and development of the community in order to reach a comfortable life with good social relationships. Therefore, this will support the social capital and flourish it. 3. Social work is practiced through specialists who have received formal training in institutes and Social work colleges. They have been practically and theoretically prepared in social organizations so that they would acquire the necessary skills and experience to deal with humans. 4. The development of the social capital requires the development of the social relationships and strengthening it. It is also necessary to encourage social constructions so that individuals, groups and communities grow stronger and stronger. This is a very important process for the humanitarian and social development. 5. A community grows stronger when its social relationships are strong. This requires the development of the social capital to maintain stronger relationships among individuals, groups and even communities. On the contrary, a community grows weaker when social relationships are weak which causes deconstruction and breakup. 6. There are some obstacles which may interrupt social relationships among individuals, groups and communities. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these obstacles or, at least, reduce them to the minimum so that social capital will grow stronger and prosper. 7. All humanitarian units including individuals, groups and communities in the field of social work represent the fuel that a socialist deals with. This fuel is targeted to change for the better. 8. The social work goals' philosophy is strongly connected to the empowerment of social capital through the efforts of specialists with highly sufficient professional capabilities. Their aim is to achieve the universal humanitarian goals which connect all humanitarian units.
Manifestations of psychological depression among a sample of blind and normal students in the basic education stage (A comparative study).
Abstract: The research aims to identify the significance of the differences in degrees of depression among blind students in Misurata School for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and pupils in regular schools. It also aims to identify the nature of the differences between males and females, the blind category in the appearance of symptoms Psychological depression and behavior on the nature of the differences between males and females, the category of normal in the appearance of symptoms Psychological depression. The researcher also used the (C-D-I) test for depression in children prepared by Maria Covas. The researcher also used the descriptive comparative method for its suitability to the nature of the research and reached the following results: 1- There are statistically significant differences between the scores of blind and normal students, and these differences were in the direction of higher degrees of depression among the blind. 2- There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in the blind category as well as in the . category Ordinary pupils. The researcher recommended paying attention to the blind segment and providing psychological, educational and social specialists Helping blind students in the blind school to overcome the difficulties that hinder their progress. He also suggested building a preventive counseling program to mitigate. level of depression and conducted similar studies on larger samples.
The External Factors that Form the Surface of Al-Batnan Plateau (Weathering and Erosion): A Study in Applied Geomorphology
Abstract The External Factors that Form the Surface of Al-Batnan Plateau (Weathering and Erosion): A Study in Applied Geomorphology The terrestrial shapes in Al-Batanan plateau are a reflection of the natural conditions inherited from the rainy period and the current climatic conditions. The geomorphological processes are the force that has changed, and still plays an effective role on, the surface of the plateau. The study showed that water and sedimentary erosion processes have a great impact on the morphology of the northern plateau. These processes, in fact, led to the formation of multiple and disparate terrestrial shapes, some of which were inherited from the rainy era. Among the results of the study of water erosion on the surface of the plateau, the volume of water erosion in the northeast of the study area reached 175 m / km² / year; in the northwest, it reached 80 m / km² / year, and in the center and south of the plateau, it reached 376 m / km² / year according to the levels of water erosion that Zachar had determined; the volume of water erosion is within a weak erosion category. The gully erosion reached 8127 m³ / km² according to the Bergsma classification. Very severe furrow erosion prevails over the northern plateau and it is not a product of the current climate, but a legacy of the Pleistocene era during the rainy periods. As for the severity of water erosion according to the Forner equation, it reached in the northeast of the plateau 32º, its northwest 59º, and in the center and south of the plateau 13º, and these values ranged from weak to moderate erosion, and they differed from one place to another on the surface of the plateau according to the natural influences. Among the results of the study of wind erosion on the study area, it reached, in the northeast of the plateau, 1417º, in its northwest 438º, and in the center and south of the plateau 10455º, which is the strongest and most influential, according to Chepil's classification that falls under a very high category. These results are alarming indicators, if appropriate preventive measures are not taken into operation. The wind erosion has a double effect on the formation of the surface of the plateau through the variation of the ground shapes, whether they are erosive or sedimentary. It was also found through the study, despite the harsh climatic conditions and the ability of soils to erode on the surface of the plateau, but it is the right of the soil to search for the real factor behind unleashing the phenomenon of accelerated erosion, which allowed natural factors to exercise their inevitable power clearly and clearly.
Delegation of authority and its relationship to job performance among secondary school teachers in Misurata Municipality
Abstract: The aim of the current research is to identify the relationship between delegation of authority and job performance of secondary school teachers in the municipality of Misurata The two researchers used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data ،and it is made up of two axes ،containing in their entirety (25) statements ، and distributed to a simple random sample of secondary school teachers in the municipality of Misurata ،and by relying on the descriptive and analytical approach as the appropriate approach to the current research ،the researchers reached a group Among the most important results are: 1-The results showed that the degree of delegation of authority among secondary education school teachers in the municipality of Misurata was high ،which is consistent with the study of both Al-Sahbani 2012 and Jahan study in 2018. 2-The results showed that the degree of job performance among secondary school teachers in Misurata municipality was high. 3-The results showed a weak direct relationship between the degree of delegation of authority and the job performance of secondary education school teachers in the municipality of Misurata.
Tribal Fanaticism and Its Role in Fueling Civil Wars: A Study from an Islamic Legal Perspective
Abstract : The study essentially aims to highlight the most dangerous consequences of tribal fanaticism and its central role in igniting civil wars, as well as how opportunists exploit such circumstances to strike at the very heart of the Islamic nation. Through tribal fanaticism, the nation has been infiltrated and divided. The study also seeks to define certain concepts that serve as foundations for developing solutions—particularly the general concept of the tribe as a means of social acquaintance and a tool for maintaining kinship ties. Based on an analysis of its general and specific effects, the researcher strives to provide an accurate description of the problem, with the goal of reaching realistic solutions that could eliminate or at least reduce the harmful influence of tribal fanaticism. Moreover, the study carries within it a call to liberate minds from the chains of blind fanaticism, which results in the loss of societal stability, peace, and harmony.
Human Damages of Traffic Accidents on the Coastal Road in Al-Khums Region
ABSTRACT The study aims to geographically analyze the human damage of traffic accidents on the coastal road in the area of Al-Kham in the part of the gate of Kam east to the area of Naqaza to the west and about 37 km long, where it delves into the merits of this subject to find out the magnitude of the phenomenon and find out the main causes leading to it and ways to treat it from a geographical perspective and show the extent to which geography contributes to the resolution of community issues, where aspects of the study showed the importance of such topics because of the human damage leading to deaths or severe injuries or injuries In addition to the economic and social damage caused by accidents, the study examined the human damage of traffic accidents on this road and its geographical distribution, the study concluded that there is a significant disparity in the distribution of traffic accidents on this road as well as a disparity in injuries, and that most of the injuries are either deaths or serious injuries.
Abstract: Asclepius is one of the gods that the Greeks portrayed while living on Mount Olympus, so the Iliad described him as the earthly ruler of the world, and opinions differed about his lineage, but the gods predicted his future and stated that he would be a bringer of health to the whole world, so he is the first physician worked in the country of the Greeks. Asclepius was the first founder of the surgery science and using drugs and herbs for treatment in his temples spread throughout the Greek world, which had a great impact on the healing of patients who frequented these temples and received the highest levels of medical care there, and the temples of Asclepius were more like health resorts in which all means existed for rest and enjoyments, as the priests of these temples enjoyed the highest authority of being clerics and medical sciences at the same time. The snake is the symbol taken by Asclepius, it is one of the oldest symbols in the Greek beliefs, as it symbolizes protection, healing, regeneration, fertility and revelation, as Greek mythology states that snakes taught Asclepius the secrets and properties of medicinal herbs, so the followers of Asclepius used the symbol of the snake wrapped around a wand as a magic amulet for treatment .
The leadership style of the school principal and its relationship with teachers' self-efficacy in public schools
School administration is a matter of concern for everyone working in the field of education, as the school is the actual arena where efforts converge to prepare, educate, and nurture future generations according to clear educational policies. These policies are implemented by qualified educational staff who turn the school into an educational environment capable of fulfilling its mission. Given the importance of the school, the way it is managed and the working methods adopted within it form the backbone of its success in carrying out its intended mission. The leadership behavior of school principals is a crucial and influential factor in terms of the school’s effectiveness and its ability to develop and fulfill its educational mission. The leadership style of the school principal is a key contributor to school effectiveness and is linked to teachers' self-efficacy. The presence of an effective school principal is of utmost importance in enhancing school reform, especially in Libya, where the country has gone through years of security instability and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This makes the need for strong leadership particularly urgent. There is no doubt that the educational process cannot proceed efficiently and properly without wise leadership that weighs matters in the balance of common interest and works toward achieving educational goals based on future visions while taking into account the material and human resources available to the educational institution. Traditional leadership styles of school principals are no longer effective in creating a positive educational environment that fosters collaboration among teachers and between them and the school administration. These modern leadership approaches help improve institutional performance, respond effectively to changes in the school’s working environment, and enhance teachers’ self-confidence, sense of belonging, and motivation to achieve effective performance. Work within a school requires the coordination of efforts among all staff members. The principal plays a vital role in managing administrative tasks and providing the necessary resources to psychologically support teachers and motivate them to fulfill their educational and teaching responsibilities. This, in turn, encourages students to engage positively with the information provided by their teachers, contributing to their cognitive, emotional, and social development. The learner ultimately reflects the coordinated efforts aimed at achieving the school’s objectives.
The Issue of International Relations in John Rawls's Philosophy
Abstract: The issue of international relations is frequently raised in political philosophies, and have attained the interaction of many philosophers of all times, the research deals with this issue in John Rawls through his famous book “The Theory of Justice”, in an attempt to monitor it's role, which he betting on it in accomplishing his vision of the global project that he envisions the possibility of achieving, in order for the research topic to be confined, the study focused on specific philosophical ideas: justice, social contract, contracting, domestic and international relations, moral commitment, institutions and actors, where it is investigated and interrogated it‟s goals in terms of historical, social and sometimes philosophical and political at other times, and how Rawls dealt with it, so that it witnessed a change towards expansion after it was of domestic character among those who preceded him, in an attempt by Rawls to adapt it to serve what he seeks for, so that the individualistic intertwined with the global community, but that does not prevent the return to the consideration of justice or what he called “principles of justice” to be the domestic pattern that can be withdrawn and followed like it in the global community, and the transition to institutions as a new system that manages relations instead of the state in order to manage material interests, and until the whole process is organized, there is possibility to create a law that governs it as long as there are common foundations that do not change and are not replaced by changing time and place.
The phenomenon of cheating in exams and its relationship to some abnormal personality traits: an empirical study on fourth-year students at Asmara University
Abstract: The current study and forms of the phenomenon of cheating in exams for students of Asmara Fourth University at the university. This phenomenon occurs in all its degrees and types due to the weakness of values, the great loss of education, and the efficiency of the educational system. That is why cheating of all its types and degrees is an extremely dangerous educational issue, linked to the whole of tourism at the Asmara University, and 250 male and female students studyingIn years and final semesters in some university colleges at Asmara University during the academic year 2020/2021 AD, by (40) students and (210) students, and the study aimed to identify the most common manifestations of psychopathic, neuroticism, alienation and overcoming fraud common among the respondents, and to identify the type of relationship between the research variables, namely Psychopathic, neuroticism, alienation, overcoming cheating, cheating behavior, identifying the extent of the contribution of psychopaths, neuroticism, alienation, overcoming cheating in combined, single or bilateral cheating, and using the standardized questionnaire to collect study data, and it may be six areas, and it has been calculated And its stability after conducting the final study, and this questionnaire enjoyed the characteristics of honesty and stability, as its measures enjoyed formative honesty and internal consistency. The study reached several conclusions.
The Protection of Women's Rights in the Global International Order
Abstract: In this research, we sought to show the protection of women's rights in the various United Nations organs concerned with human rights in general, then the protection of women's rights in international conventions concerned with special women's rights, as well as the protection of women's rights in international organizations, and all of the above effectively contributed to emphasizing women's rights and ensuring Support and protect it, to reach through the efforts made for empowerment in all fields, and to participate in the promotion of cooperation, peace and development, after overcoming the obstacles that stood in front of it and limited its launch and progress, such as violence, poverty, discrimination and illiteracy.
The rol of the family in the development of social responsibility among its children
Abstract: The research aims to identify the role of the family in developing the social responsibility of its children, to identify the methods of socialization that the family follows in developing social responsibility among its children, as well as to identify whether there are statistically significant differences between the average responses of the sample members and the research variables. The research team used the descriptive and analytical method in this research, and the research community consisted of (1169) male and female students from the social sciences departments and the research sample consisted of (102) male and female students, of (21) males and (81) females, and the questionnaire was used as a tool to collect The information is based on the Likert three scale, and the reliability coefficient was (0.65) and the results of the research reached: - The level of the family's practice of its role in developing social responsibility among its children was high, with the arithmetic mean (2.40) and a standard deviation (0.715). - The level of the family’s practice of proper methods of developing social responsibility among its children was also high, as it reached the arithmetic mean (2.51) and a standard deviation (0.617), as well as the abnormal methods used by the family in developing social responsibility came high as it obtained an arithmetic average of (2.36) ) And standard deviation (0.683). - There are no statistically significant differences from the perspective of students of the College of Education regarding the role of the family in developing the social responsibility of its children due to the gender variable. - There are no statistically significant differences from the perspective of students of the College of Education regarding the role of the family in developing the social responsibility of its children due to the variable of the father's educational level (basic education or higher - secondary - university or more).
Semantic fields in the poetry of Al-Mutanabbi, the poem of the people of Bwan as a model
Abstract: The theory of semantic fields is one of the most important theories of contemporary linguistic research, and it depends in the study of meaning on the analytical method, which aims to analyze the features of the semantic structure of vocabulary within the text in an objective and accurate manner". This theory asserts that in order to understand the meaning of a word, you must also understand the group of semantically related words, in order for it to be accurately understood. This theory aims to collect all the words that pertain to a particular field, and to reveal their relationships with one another, and their relationships with the general term.
Evaluation of the Quality of Teaching Performance of Faculty Members at the College of Education from the Students' Perspective
Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify the quality of evaluating the teaching performance of faculty members at the Faculty of Education, Misurata University from the students’ point of view, and the sample consisted of (282) female students, and the descriptive approach was used. The practice of faculty members at the College of Education is that the faculty member gives students clear examples to facilitate understanding, and the most practiced evaluation method for faculty members is that the faculty member evaluates students’ performance in a fair manner, as well as the most common professional qualities of professors is that the faculty member treats Students respectfully, there are statistical differences between the average scores of the students' opinions of the College of Education about the level of teaching performance of faculty members due to the variable of specialization (literary - scientific) in favor of the literary specialization.
Abstract: This paper studies the boundary value problem from the second order, using three methods ; Rayleigh-Ritz method, collocation method, and Galrekin – at the same example suppose the solution is approximate function for polynomial function of third and fourth degree, we noted that, when the degree increased the accuracy increased too, the collocation method is easy to apply, and Rayleigh-Ritz method and Galerkin methods are better accuracy.
The Reality of Meeting Management at the College of Education, University of Misurata, from the Perspective of Faculty Members
Abstract: The research aims to identify the reality of meeting management in the faculties of Libyan universities by conducting a field research at the Faculty f Education - University of Misurata as a model, in which the viewpoint of the faculty members was surveyed. The researchers distributed 50 questionnaires, 40 of which were retrieved, and 4 incomplete questionnaires were excluded . So the number of the participants became 36 individuals who were randomly selected from the research community represented by the faculty members of the concerned college in order to obtain their opinion on the subject of the .research The research was divided into 3 main chapters: 1.General framework: starting with the introduction and ending with the previous studies. 2.Theoretical framework: It is divided into two sections: management and its functions, and meetings. 3.Practical framework: this is where the data were collected from the research sample by means of a questionnaire, and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS)). The research reached a set of results as follows: 1.The level of practice of the meeting management system for the department heads and the dean of Faculty of Education at the University of Misurata as a model for Libyan higher education institutions from the perspective of faculty members was at the average level. 2.There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample from the perspective of the teaching staff to the extent to which their heads practice meeting management which can be attributed to the gender variable: (male, female). 3.There are statistically significant differences from the perspective of the teaching staff to the extent to which their heads practice meeting management which can be attributed to the variable of functional capacity: (department head, teaching staff ).
in the Language Classroom: An Analysis of Libyan University Learners' and Teachers' Perceptions of and Beliefs about Autonomy and How They Might Impact on Learner Behavior
Abstract: In view of the fact that language learners hold different beliefs about language learning, this paper aims to explore teachers' and learners' perceptions of and beliefs about learner autonomy. It also sheds light on the extent to which their beliefs are congruent with their behaviour in the classroom, referring to some research findings which provide insight into the impact of learner beliefs on learner behavior, and how they may promote or obstruct learner autonomy. A series of focus group discussions were conducted with a number of students and teachers, randomly selected from the English Department, College of Education, University of Misrata, Libya. The data revealed that there are two types of beliefs. The teachers and most of the students (first type) perceived autonomy as learner responsibility and engagement in the decision-making process. They justified the absence of autonomy from their classrooms as a consequence of many obstacles and needs of learners, which could clearly affect their behaviour and classroom practices. The other some of learners (second type) expressed their negative attitudes toward autonomy and believed in the dominant role of teacher who is perceived as the only maker of decisions. This type of learner has demonstrated a strong impact of learner beliefs on learner behaviour, as this could be undoubtedly extracted from the learners' responses. According to this variation of beliefs, teachers should take into account the different types of beliefs and learner, and interpret them into teaching strategies. Besides, due to the fact that the students at the Faculty of Education are assumed to be qualified as teachers after graduation, it is essential to gradually change those negative beliefs about autonomy, because their teaching strategies in the future will be influenced by their beliefs and, hence, they are not likely to lead to an autonomous learning environment.
Barriers Confront Implementing Teachers' and Learners' Roles in Applying Communicative Activities
Abstract: This theory-oriented paper attempts to highlight some critical issues related to the application of communicative activities in the classroom based on different roles implemented by teachers and learners. Initially, the paper introduces the communicative language teaching as an approach of teaching English as a foreign language. Then, it clarifies the roles of the teacher according to the CLT approach and how they are unlike the roles of the traditional teacher-centred approach where teachers are the main movers in the classroom. Then there is a clarification of the roles of the learner based on learner-centred approach and that students should be engaged in the activities and taken their responsibilities in the learning process. Furthermore, the paper explains how activities could be communicative and demonstrates types of communicative activities that can be applied in classrooms. After that, there are some barriers and difficulties that face the application of these activities in classrooms because of various misconceptions and misunderstandings of the use of the CLT. To present these barriers, there are examples of some studies conducted in different countries such as Thailand, Iran, Australia, China and Qatar. Finally, the paper concludes with suggestions and recommendations of the appropriate and suitable roles that teachers and learners should follow when applying the communicative activities.
An Evaluation of Teachings Practice Program Accomplished by Students of English Department at Faculty of Education, Misurarta University During Corona Virus Epidemic
Abstract: Education is the key to development in all fields; however, it is impossible to get good qualities of education without having academically qualified and professional responsible teachers. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the undergraduate student teachers’ program towards teaching practice program during Corona Virus Epidemic in 2020 as a tool of learning to teach. It also investigates the effect of this program on students’ level of teaching. A questionnaire of thirty-five students in Fourth Year undergraduate student teachers was conducted in English Department at the Faculty of Education, Misrata University. The findings of the study indicate that the student teachers perceived teaching practice as an important tool of learning to teach the target language because it promoted the development of teaching experience and prepared them for the real-world situation. The results also revealed that teaching practice time was not sufficient and the mismatch of the teaching practice period with the local secondary school curriculum was the main challenge. Student teachers use of secondary school curriculum at English Department instead of applying it in schools made student teachers feel bored during carrying out this program. Most of the supervisors did not help their students to avoid different difficulties during carrying out the lesson tasks. The student teachers had not been trained well on the different teaching techniques used for teaching all language skills and sub-skills. Since the management and pedagogical rules and routine should be given by the school administration, the supervisors did not give their students good background about school routine and rules used in secondary schools.
The rational quadratic Bezier-Like curve with G1 and G2 continuity
Abstract: In this work, the quadratic Bezier-Like curve with two shape parameters is discussed. The rational quadratic Bezier-Like curve inherits all geometric properties of quadratic Bezier curve. The shape of the curve can be adjust by altering the values of the shape parameters that provides a control on the shape of the curve. Also in this paper, we finding new theorems of rational quadratic Bezier-Like curve to evaluate the minimum value of weights that guaranty the curve is not going out of its control polygon. The composition of two segment of rational quadratic Bezier-Like curve using , and continuity are studied.
صعوبات تدريس التعبير الشفوي في مرحلة التعليم الأساسي من وجهه نظر معلمي المادة
Abstract: The study aimed to identify the difficulties of teaching oral expression in basic education from the point of view of subject teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of a set of paragraphs, and after verifying its validity and reliability, it was distributed to the study sample, which consisted of a group of (100) teachers of the subject in the basic education stage, distributed among the various schools of the city of Misurata. Random, and the data was statistically processed using the statistical program (SPSS). The results showed that the prevailing opinion in the study community is either that they are difficulties of a medium or great degree; Which indicates the existence of these difficulties, taking into account their arrangement; Which calls for addressing and taking them into consideration, especially those that are to a large extent The highest paragraphs came in terms of the arithmetic mean, the paragraph that states that fear and shyness affect the student when he asks for oral expression, while the lowest paragraphs in terms of the arithmetic mean are the paragraph that states the small number of topics given to the student during the school year in the primary stages. The study recommended a number of recommendations, most notably the need to pay attention to teaching oral and written expression, especially in the first grades of the basic education stage. Being the cornerstone in teaching the lesson of expression.